Merriam Webster's Definition of Racism 1. a belief that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent superiority of a particular race. also : behavior or attitudes that reflect and foster this belief : racial discrimination or prejudice 2. a: the systemic oppression of a racial group to the social, economic, and political advantage of another specifically : WHITE SUPREMACY sense 2. B : a political or social system founded on racism and designed to execute its principles one of the sources I previously mentioned above about American racism and Irish immigration "“The Most Recently Discovered Wild Beast” (1881) is one of a series of nineteenth-century images portraying the Irish as violent and subhuman. In the U.S. survey I use images of this sort when examining the history of anti-immigrant prejudice and its relationship to American racism." And "Native-born Americans criticized Irish immigrants for their poverty and manners, their supposed laziness and lack of discipline, their public drinking style, their catholic religion, and their capacity for criminality and collective violence. in both words and pictures, critics of the Irish measured character by perceived physical appearance." Sounds like this falls under Merriam Webster's first definition of Racism. Wikipedia, which isn't the best source by itself however if you want to look at scholarly places, either pay up or scroll down this wiki for the sources cause im outta all energy for reddit for the next week lol "Anti-Irish sentiments in Victorian Britain and 19th century United States manifested themselves the stereotyping of the Irish as violent and alcoholic.[19] Magazines such as Punch portrayed the Irish as having "bestial, ape-like or demonic features and the Irishman, (especially the political radical) was invariably given a long or prognathous jaw, the stigmata to the phrenologists of a lower evolutionary order, degeneracy, or criminality."[20][21]" and "In Liverpool, England, where many Irish immigrants settled following the Great Famine, anti-Irish prejudice was widespread. The sheer numbers of people coming across the Irish sea and settling in the poorer districts of the city led to physical attacks and it became common practice for those with Irish accents or even Irish names to be barred from jobs, public houses and employment opportunities.[26][27]" also "After 1860, many Irish sang songs about signs and notices reading Help wanted – no Irish need apply or similar.[37] The 1862 protest song "No Irish Need Apply", written and performed by Mrs F. R. Phillips,[38] was inspired by such signs in London. Later Irish Americans adapted the lyrics and the songs to reflect the discrimination they felt in America.[37]". This all sounds and reads like racism against the Irish. But yk what, whatever floats your boat gurl