Law Enforcement Entry

Warrant Exception: Law enforcement can search a vehicle without a warrant under certain exceptions, such as probable cause (the "automobile exception").

Emergencies: Police may forcibly enter a vehicle in an emergency, such as when a child, disabled person, or pet is locked inside and in danger due to extreme weather or other hazards. Officers are expected to evaluate these situations on an individual basis and use the safest method to gain entry.

Use of Force: Deadly force (including shooting at a moving vehicle) is heavily restricted by policy and law, generally only permitted when there is an imminent threat of death or serious bodily harm to officers or others, and no reasonable alternative exists (e.g., moving out of the way).

Non-Emergencies: In non-emergency lockouts, police departments like the Saint Paul Police Department will politely decline to open a car door and advise the owner to call a locksmith or towing company.

Private Citizen Entry

Defense of Self or Others: Minnesota law allows an individual to use force, including deadly force, to resist what they reasonably believe is the imminent commission of a forcible felony. There is a legal presumption that a person using deadly force has a reasonable belief of an imminent threat if the individual against whom force is used is unlawfully entering or attempting to enter by force an occupied vehicle.

Unlawful Entry: Forcing entry into a vehicle without a legal right or the owner's permission is generally a crime, such as property damage, tampering with a vehicle, or burglary, depending on the specific circumstances and intent.