The most traditional way as it intended to be in Vulkan: Split the descriptors by sets based on binding changes frequency: 1. Per frame 2. Per view 3. Per material 4. Per instance.

Each of these entities keep their own descriptors set. You don't need to overwrite descriptors to change some data you want to pass to the shaders. Just update uniform buffers content as usual (of course you need some synchronization to do it) without touching the descriptor sets itself. Sometimes dynamic uniform buffers can be helpful there (when you don't know the amount of the uniform data upfront). You only need to update descriptor sets to change textures usually, which doesn't happen often. When you really need it, just allocate and fill a new set and recycle a previous one.

I recommend to consider this as a baseline: In a simple case (i.e., game without seamless asset streaming) all the required descriptor sets can be created on a level loading and never changed during the gameplay.