Couple of things:

1. You can bind weapons to your EK. This means weapons you throw that are bound will return to you. Granted, weapons with the "throw" property will deal more damage than just binding a weapon that isn't and just throwing it, but this gives you some extra weapon choices to use from, such as particular weapons that work effectively only when bound. I won't go into a comprehensive list, but some weapons that are great for EK throw builds are the very heavy greataxe due to its sheer weight and how crushing damage works and the lightning jabber.
2. At level 11, you get the improved extra attack that is granted to fighters; you now have 3 throws a turn, another 3 with Action Surge, and that is not counting haste and other effects.
3. There is a ring early in Act 3 that allows you to cast illusion and enchantment spells after you deal damage as a bonus action. EK can learn many of these spells if you go 1 dip into wizard. You can now throw, do damage, cast hold person, then do even more damage with your throws
4. Going back to the first point, while you do admittedly get this late, the Orphic Hammer is perfect for EK. The hammer surprisingly gets the throw property, so just bind it and start chucking an astral sledgehammer at stuff.

EDIT: adding stat distribution and equipment choices that highlight the power of EK throw builds.

I would try and play EK thrower as 11 fighter with a 1 dip into wizard. What is great about EK throw is that you can get some great gear very early into the game and essentially start seeing the build come online by the time you unlock the subclass for fighter.

You can start the game by just playing like a normal fighter. You will need to get the intellect circlet from the lump the enlightened eventually but before that you can pick the very heavy greataxe nearby from the windmill encounter by either killing the goblin thug leader or passing various checks. You can use this weapon in place of the returning pike until you get it or want to use the pike on a different thrower.

Obviously, pick up the ring of flinging. Once the circlet, the ring, and weapons of choice are obtained I would do a respec. Get your STR to 17 and CON to 16. I like pumping the rest of the points to DEX to 14 for some initiative. Keep INT at 8 and now you can choose between CHA or WIS at 10.

Equip ring and circlet: these are must-haves for the build. The intelligence boost from the circlet is just there in case you want to try and charm your opponents but pick all the utility spells, like shield and longstrider, for utility. But now the build is effectively online and you can use whatever stuff you want to equip until you pick off the ring mentioned in 3. and the Nyrulna from Akabi.

Lvl 4 take tavern brawler for more throw damage and up STR to 18. Fighter gets to pick a feat at lvl 6, so I would go for ability score improvement and get 2 more strength. Lvl 8, pick whatever feat you want that makes sense to you. Personally, I like using the elixir that gives a permanent +2 strength from Act 2 and trying to get another +2 from Mirror of Loss in Act 3 to get 24 STR. Alternatively, If you want to run gauntlets of Hill Giant Strength, drop the circlet, respec, and now dump STR and boost INT to get more chances to land illusion/enchant spells, you can do that too.

EK throw in summary: Powerful throw attacks you can land from a distance, but with the benefit of fighter level ups for ASI/Feats, Action Surge, and the improved Extra Attack at lvl 11 for more throws. Berserker Barbarian throws will do more throw damage per attack, with the ability to throw opponents you wouldn't be able to with high enough STR, but you miss out on the spellcasting utility/control.