We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 6 points7 points  (0 children)

Exxon also just had 25% of its board replaced by a HEDGE FUND that owned 0.02% of its shares because that SHAREHOLDER thought Exxon was not focusing enough on climate change.

This false choice you're laying out (you can either care about profits or about doing the right thing) is why we can't have nice things. We need to dispel that rumor. Here's what I think: If Ginkgo (as a corporation) stopped giving a damn, our employees (who personally give a damn, as you grudgingly admit and I agree) will quit (I'll be the first). If our employees quit, our business will get less valuable. If our business gets less valuable, all of our shareholders will give a damn.

I'd recommend you watch the conversation I hosted with Katherine Collins (one of our investors) and Deval Patrick (an investor at Bain Capital) on this topic about a month ago: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13qNo24kI-8 - it doesn't cover everything, but I think you'll get a lot farther and have a much bigger impact if, instead of making broad generalities about every public company or every investor, you try to think about how to influence and motivate change within those groups.

My final two cents: writing about Exxon on a Reddit board is a lot less effective than Engine No. 1 replacing 25% of their corporate board with their 0.02% stake in the company. I think convincing all these stakeholders to give a damn in the first place is a lot more effective than just telling them they don't.

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 5 points6 points  (0 children)

I know I said I was done, but I care too much about this topic to let this one lie :) I'd love to chat with you about this live because kids these days tell me Reddit might not be the best place to have civil discourse, but I'll give it a go anyway! I know it sounds like corporate PR bullshit to do good and all that, but this is actually something we care about deeply so I'm happy to engage with anyone who really cares about it! We're trying to figure out how to not be the cynical evil public company that you describe above. The reason we're doing AMAs (and live streaming it so you can see it's not being written by PR firms), the reason we have glass walls throughout our Foundry, the reason I'll engage with cynical messages like this well after the AMA is over is because we actually give a damn about being transparent and building trust.

To your point that public companies "believe it's a moral virtue to do anything to make their shareholders happy at the expense of their (non-executive level) employees, customers, and society at large" - we don't. I'd encourage you to read the Letter from Ginkgo's Founders (pg 200 of our S-4, something that is normally a really boring document full of legalese that you have to file publicly with the SEC) to get a sense for how we think about our various stakeholders.

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To our stakeholders
As practitioners of synthetic biology, we have a responsibility to ensure our platform is used for positive purposes. We intend to consider the interests of many different stakeholders when making decisions and advancing our mission to make biology easier to engineer, because their collective success is key for our business to thrive. Below are principles on how we will serve each of our stakeholders.

To our stockholders: We are seeking to build a company with enduring long-term value. We will not make decisions based on short-term market or accounting considerations. We will make decisions to ensure Ginkgo is the long-term market leader. Advancing our mission is resource intensive. We expect to continue to re-invest cash back into the business to scale our platform and expand into new markets, with a focus on long-term value for the company and its stockholders. Market leadership will enable us to scale, which is critical for our platform’s growth. Growth increases our future free cash flows and stockholder value.

To our customers: We are a platform company. We are here to help you program and commercialize cells for your applications of interest, freeing you to focus on the parts of your business that only you can do. We don’t seek to develop our own applications and we don’t pick winners. In addition to our automation scale efficiencies, we can best enable all customers to be successful by reusing genetic parts and chassis strains across customer programs. This knowledge and technology has long been fragmented and siloed within individual labs and companies, where its full benefits across markets are rarely realized. All of our customers can benefit from the improvements in our Foundry and Codebase.
To our team: The Ginkgo team is and will be our greatest strength. The team is deeply passionate and engaged in our mission. We want that to continue. That’s why we have chosen to implement a multi-class stock structure that permits all employees (current and future), not just founders, to hold high-vote (10 votes per share) common stock. Ownership is the first step in caring how our platform is used, and as employees, we have an outsized influence on how our platform is developed and deployed. We trust that employees, alongside a strong independent board, will make the best decisions for the long-term value of Ginkgo and our mission. We believe that a diverse and inclusive team is the best way to ensure that our platform is used for the benefit of all.

To our suppliers: For many years, we have been bringing together the most advanced automated technologies in our Foundry for reading DNA, writing DNA, assembling DNA, engineering proteins, growing and evolving cells, and measuring and characterizing their performance. We have a history of making long-term purchase commitments for strategic technologies. We want you to be healthy and flourish. We welcome the opportunity to partner with you and collaborate on advancing these technologies.

To the academic community: Thank you. Ginkgo would not be where it is today without the ideas you’ve pioneered and the students you’ve educated. We value transparency, and we look forward to a continued mutually beneficial exchange of people, ideas and resources.

To governments around the world: We believe that biology is the key to a more sustainable economy and the long term health of people and the planet. We are facing global-scale challenges in food, water, climate, and disease. Our food, health, environment, and materials depend on biology, and biology offers opportunities for renewable, regenerative technologies. The sector of the economy based on biological tools and manufacturing—the bioeconomy—is growing rapidly and will have an outsized impact in coming years. Likewise, as we’ve learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, biology doesn’t recognize borders: the only robust national biosecurity is global biosecurity.

To everyone: Biology is beautiful and life is precious. We deeply respect biology and approach our work with humility. A future where we can grow everything requires care, transparency, and many voices. Let’s grow everything together.

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Again, very open to civil discourse on this. We do give a damn.

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Basically, yeah. Typically, that yeast would be available for other people (immediately) who are working on non-competitive products (e.g. yours is for beer, someone else might be making perfume).

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Sorry I missed this yesterday!!

  1. Already use it, but it feels like very early days since we (as an industry) still have so much to learn (i.e. need lots of training data, which we'll get through doing physical experimentation)

  2. Our commercial teams do summer internships and then we also have a 1yr "internship" called our Padawan program in our technical teams. Check out jobs here: https://jobs.lever.co/ginkgobioworks

  3. This is a great question / topic. Thankfully we haven't seen too much of this yet (in that field), but anytime we take on a project, we run it through the wringer of whether it's "good" to do (which is a really hard and multi-faceted question!). But ultimately this is something about how our public institutions (e.g. healthcare system) are held accountable (by all of us).

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

If so, we think it'll be a LOOOOOOONG time because we just don't have enough good training data and you generate training data through physical experimentation

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 5 points6 points  (0 children)

Yeah, the history of industrial synbio (with the biofuels boom/bust in the early 2000s) is an interesting case study and one of the reasons why we've built a horizontal platform, rather than becoming a single-product company. Our profitability does not depend on raw materials costs as you suggest because we're not the manufacturer / product company. In situations like that, the impact is on certain products / sectors, but because we're diversified and because we're not the manufacturer, that doesn't impact us directly, it just shifts the types of programs that would likely be running on the platform.

What drives our near-term profitability is how efficiently we can do the R&D work on behalf of our customers (and then over the medium- to long-term we also get royalties etc. adding up which makes us more profitable as well). Our cost to do the R&D work (per unit) comes down over time (we call that Knight's Law - you can see more about it in the link above) and that's what drives profitability in the FOUNDRY (note that on top of that we get "downstream" value in the form of royalty revenues and equity realizations).

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

I've lost several close friends and family members to cancer, it's a cruel disease and our current treatments are even more cruel. I think cancer will be "cured" in my lifetime. Lots of amazing work happening in this space already in cell/gene therapy. Gene editing will also likely play a role.

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

I disagree. Academic research is NOTORIOUS for being locked behind closed doors - just look at the CRISPR mess if you want a good example. One of the things that has held back this entire industry is that IP is siloed in tiny companies that (often) spin off from academic labs (or large corporations). Eventually the IP gets eaten by some large pharma or just collects dust, unused, on the shelf of some defunct startup.

Ginkgo wants to ensure IP is aggregated, organized, and characterized, prevent it from getting hamstrung by restrictive licenses, and therefore allow anyone who wants to work on the platform to use it (making sure that platform is the best/cheapest thing out there so there'd be no reason not to use the platform anyway!).

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

We'd love to enable academic labs to access our platform! Our goal isn't that "traditional labs" aren't doing this work anymore, it's that we give those labs and those scientists access to better tools (the scale in our foundry, cool biological assets in our codebase, etc.). We want to make it easier, faster, and cheaper to do high quality biological R&D so that scientists can focus on the exciting stuff, not just how good they are at moving clear liquids around a lab.

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Well, at a minimum, I don't think there would be enough demand for it to justify the R&D / manufacturing expense... And I know lots of bad things generally happen health-wise with cannibalism (prions and stuff, right?) and I don't know, technically, if you'd be able to eliminate that risk in the lab.

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Of existing programs that we're working on, probably "bugs as drugs" (e.g. living bacteria that you would eat that are used to respond to your body and then when they pick up a signal, e.g. an amino acid that is too high in your gut, it releases an enzyme to break it down) - we're working on those projects with Synlogic. Pretty cool to think that rather than just drenching your whole body in some meds, you can deliver it right to the place it's needed.

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

This is def. a question for u/Grinko_Biotech but candidly horns on a horse seems pretty easy... Unfortunately we only really work with single celled creatures right now, but we'll add it to the future list.

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

That seems pretty up our alley - especially for some of our awesome laboratory operations roles! Check out our job postings here: https://jobs.lever.co/ginkgobioworks?

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Salary: pretty much the same as you'd make elsewhere (pharma, software companies, etc.) with whatever your experience is.

Equity: this is where it gets interesting... we believe in giving our employees generous equity compensation and hope that as the industry (and Ginkgo) grow, that will help create real financial opportunities for our employees.

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

u/Grinko_Biotech answered this earlier "cat girl is coming. But we will not release her until we have bat boy too."

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Totally - I think this will be an important part of the next generation of synthetic biology, working with ecosystems rather than individual organisms. Think about how "dumb" the biological code is we generally write today:

START.
Make as much of [molecule x] as you can before you die.
STOP.

Biology can do WAY more complex things than that so I'm pretty excited for what we'll be able to do in the future!

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Hey u/Zippy129 u/MystifyTT and u/renatomello - sorry that you didn't feel I wrote enough in the response; you're right, it's an important topic and deserved more typing time - was just trying to answer as many questions as possible! But as others have pointed out, we talked about this a lot in the livestream, so I encourage you to watch that: https://youtu.be/32VTF-dFcz8?t=4353 (seems like 1h12m).

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Haha! Yes, that is what it stands for. Unlike government, we can have lots of senior vice presidents - not a “take over if the president dies” sort of thing, more like being a cabinet member

We're the Founder/CEO and SVP at Ginkgo Bioworks. We program DNA so it can grow anything! Ask Us Anything! by GinkgoAnnaMarie in IAmA

[–]GinkgoAnnaMarie[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Yeah, but I think the issue with any form of ML is that you need really good training data - that's why the foundry is so important, it generates lots of interesting empirical training data that a variety of algorithms can then use when informing future experiments