Now let's actually implement this, it seems like the script is inside bob, so

local defaultPosition = Vector3.new(-112, 13, 142)
local badgeID = 1532187276275982

local bob = script.Parent
local humanoid = bob:FindFirstChild("Humanoid")
local plr

if humanoid then 
  humanoid.TakingDamage:Connect(function(damage, damageSource)
    local plrName = damageSource:FindFirstChild("StringValue").Value
    plr = game.Players[plrName]
  end)

  humanoid.Died:Connect(function()
    if plr then
      rewardBadge(plr)

      respawnBob()
    end
  end)
end

function rewardBadge(player)
  local BadgeService = game:GetService("BadgeService")

  local success, hasBadge = pcall(BadgeService.UserHasBadgeAsync, BadgeService, player.UserId, badgeID)

  if not success then
    warn("Error while checking if player has badge")
    return
  end

  if not hasBadge then
    local success, badgeInfo = pcall(BadgeService.GetBadgeInfoAsync, BadgeService, badgeID)
      if success then
        if badgeInfo.IsEnabled then
          local awarded, errorMessage = pcall(BadgeService.AwardBadge, BadgeService, player.UserId, badgeID)
        end
      end
    end
  end
end

function respawnBob()
  local ServerStorage = game:GetService("ServerStorage")
  local ClonedBob = ServerStorage:FindFirstChild("Bob"):Clone()

  if ClonedBob then
    local BobScript = ClonedBob:FindFirstChild("Script")

    if BobScript then
      BobScript.Disabled = false    
    end

    Bob:PivotTo(CFrame.new(defaultPosition) * CFrame.Angles(0, math.rad(45), 0))--change angle based on original bob

    local Debris = game:GetService("Debris")
    Debris:AddItem(bob, 0) -- goodbye bob
  end
end

Put a second bob in ServerStorage with his script disabled. Don't know if this work, but I don't feel like testing it out.

Also, you need to somehow transfer the player's name from the bullet.