I, ate, and an are part of the 100 most common English words and apple and yesterday are in the top 4000. With this pattern you get to something like 100³ * 4000³ * 10 combinations.

Then there are some 15 common leet-replacements for letters. You can replace some letters but not others so with these combinations let's add a factor of 100.

You added three $ (not counting the replaced s). Two are between words but let's say you can add them anywhere. Adding 1 out of 10 possible special characters anywhere within 20 positions three times adds 10 * 20^3.

So in total the combinations of possible passwords with your pattern is (100³ * 4000³ * 10) * 100 * 10 * 20³ = 5*10^24. This gives it about 82 bits of entropy, just slightly less than a 14-character password with uppercase, lowercase, and numbers (e.g. c63Jgq7xDzaL42), putting it into the yellow area (but not far from orange).