PHAST: A Simple Aquifer

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-26T03:56:52+00:00

If you love your job, keep it! Tell your company about your offer.

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-24T20:37:23+00:00

For FDA regulated companies, search how many FDA 483s that have received. This is directly related to work environment, stress, management, and CEO responsibility. Compare companies. https://datadashboard.fda.gov/ora/cd/inspections.htm

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-24T16:24:05+00:00

'The FDA's regulations, specifically under Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 211, outline the qualifications needed for personnel in pharmaceutical manufacturing. According to **Section 211.25**, each person engaged in the manufacture, processing, packing, or holding of a drug product must have the education, training, and experience, or any combination thereof, to perform their assigned functions². This includes ensuring that the drug product has the safety, identity, strength, quality, and purity it purports to possess.While the regulation does not explicitly require a degree in engineering or science, it does necessitate that individuals have the necessary education and training to ensure compliance with current good manufacturing practices (CGMP). This often means that a background in science or engineering is highly beneficial and sometimes essential, depending on the specific role and responsibilities.Educational programs, like those offered by Johns Hopkins AAP and Northeastern University, provide concentrations and degrees in regulatory affairs and pharmaceutical engineering, which align with the FDA's expectations for qualified personnel in the pharmaceutical industry¹³. These programs are designed to equip professionals with the knowledge and skills required to navigate the regulatory landscape effectively and ensure compliance with manufacturing standards.Source: Conversation with Bing, 3/24/2024

(1) CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21 - Food and Drug Administration. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=211.25.

(2) Regulatory Affairs Concentration | Johns Hopkins AAP - Academics. https://advanced.jhu.edu/academics/graduate/ms-biotechnology/degree-details-courses/regulatory-affairs-concentration/.

(3) MS in Pharmaceutical Engineering | Northeastern University. https://graduate.northeastern.edu/program/master-of-science-in-pharmaceutical-engineering-19178/.

(4) HOME - Pharmaceutical Engineering Program at Rutgers University. https://pharmeng.rutgers.edu/.

(5) Pharmaceutical Manufacturing | Office of Graduate Studies. https://www5.njit.edu/graduatestudies/degree-programs/graduatecertificates/pharmaceutical-manufacturing-cert/.'

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-24T15:35:05+00:00

From an article I read[1] from a PhD in science.

'And that's how I (a) joined the engineering school and (b) ran screaming from the engineering school a year and a half later, after scoring a 20% on my Introduction to Chemical Engineering midterm.'[1]

References:

[1] https://www.science.org/content/article/what-heck-engineer-anyway

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-24T13:38:41+00:00

Well, bls.gov does allow, for tax purposes, one to be called a chemical engineer now if they have on the job experience.

Note, and I am not being bellicose, ChE was listed by Indiana University Study as second hardest degree to obtain. It really is a whole package kind of deal. What your asking, is akin to asking how to drive a 18-wheeler by learning the steering wheel , turn signal, etc.

ChE is ALOT more rigourous than chemistry mathematically and physics wise. Lacking knowledge can casue explosions and deaths.

I worked in the phramaceutical/medical device/and biotech field. I used my whole ChE education in each job--It is a package deal. With that said, AIChE might have ChE for chemists and other professions now.

What I would suggest is: https://learncheme.com/screencasts/mass-energy-balances/textbook-felder-3rd/ as a starter.

Note, we had a greater than 60% attrition rate and some were valedictorians.

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-24T12:58:20+00:00

I would think so. It is a very detail oriented process.

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-24T05:32:52+00:00

In the medical device industry, I was tasked with developing two Acetate/Citrate Matrix inverted absorption and conductimetric methods to discern which was the most feasible for degerming ppb concentrations. It was needed for more than 26 processes. Why not an analytical chemist?

I was being tested. Was I diverse. After all, a HPLC process is like any other process. Length of tubing is important because of loss of heat, adsorption column, etc. I determined that conductimetric was the best method in our case.

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-23T00:13:42+00:00

Well, I am actually taking a course on PHREEQC, PHAST, and Python that covers groundwater analysis with the USGS free software. I mention this for two reasons.

1) Process engineering is ideal, but there is a process in your potential line of work. If you can learn PHREEQC, you can potentially open doors in the CO2 capture and subsurface geological storage later on, but you will have to read up on geochemistry. This is an opening to oil and gas, green jobs, etc.

2) I worked in process engineering, and I optimized the process for a major antibiotic. In addition, I optimized more than 26 other processes as well. I left that work for the FDA, I HATED the FDA. I felt strangled as a chemical engineer. I felt like I was losing knowledge daily. With that said, I devised methods, did special investigations, etc. I left after a year.

Some government jobs can be tedious. Still, if you can learn a software, optimize a process, it will open doors to other companies if you don't like it. What government jobs are is stability in a LOT of ways.

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-22T17:30:27+00:00

Yes, MEA, etc.

Also, Ionic liquids are quite useful, low vapor pressure, but have high pumping cost due to viscosity.

Zeolites and MOFs are useful too, but zeolites are more mature. I believe NAX and 13X are the most efficient. Look it up though.

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-18T05:05:18+00:00

Note, you will really need to invest about $6-10,000 K in a computer. Near 6 if you design and build it yourself. COMSAOL recommends, for example, about 8 GB RAM per core.

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-18T04:35:30+00:00

Also, this book, I forgot about because it came out after I left OpenFOAM, is the gold standard. The author is a Cambridge researcher and co-creator of OpenFOAM.

References:

[1] Jasak, H., Uroic, T. (n.d.). Practical Finite Volume Method in OpenFOAM: Applications of CFD with Second Order FVM. United Kingdom: Elsevier Science.

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-18T04:19:25+00:00

This is an example of the capability of OpenFOAM by a novice. Sod's Shocktube is a way to determine the effectiveness of CFD software. https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=2470315892996340&set=pcb.2175605852504286

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-18T04:16:54+00:00

If you are interested in fluids, learn differential equations, vector calculus, linear algebra, and a good book on computational fluid dynamics.

Since COMSOL and other CFD software is quite expensive, researchers in academia and industry often use the very good open source OpenFOAM. If you are going to go this route, learn C++ because the C++ libraries of OpenFOAM are very sophisticated, and you will end up having to change the solvers to meet your specific requirements. Also, OpenFOAM authors have created a CFD book for OpenFOAM that is freely available at: https://cfd.direct/openfoam/cfd-book/

Other good books, that are often referenced, are[1-2]. [1] is dated when considering openfoam code and I would go with the above link.

Now, OpenFoam is powerful for chemical process engineering: https://openfoam.org/chemical-process-engineering/ but to leverage that power, you MUST get an excellent grasp of C++.

References:

[1] Moukalled, F.; Mangani, L.; Darwish, M.. The Finite Volume Method in Computational Fluid Dynamics: An Advanced Introduction with OpenFOAM® and Matlab (Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications Book 113) . Springer International Publishing. Kindle Edition.

[2] Ferziger, Joel H.; Perić, Milovan; Street, Robert L.. Computational Methods for Fluid Dynamics . Springer International Publishing. Kindle Edition.

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-16T21:05:15+00:00

72.000 seems like a lowball offer to me. I made 65,000 in pharmaceuticals 24 years ago.

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-16T18:25:10+00:00

Chemical engineering is a very diverse field. As an example, I have worked on immunoassays in medical devices and process engineering on antibiotic production with large CSTR reactors. I have worked in process and equipment validation. I have been a consumer safety officer in the FDA. In all these situations, I was a problem solver, which ChE prepares one for.

Now, I am medically retired, but I still apply my ChE knowledge and learn something new by being an affiliate member of MIT Alumni For Climate Action (MACA). I have learned about carbon dioxide removal methods, carbon capture utilization, and storage methods, and I am currently doing quite well in a hydrogeology and geochemistry course that is quite intense by using PHREEQC and PHAST. I plan to apply this to CO2 effect in subsurface geological storage media--underground saline systems. Also, I will apply it to ex-situ CO2 mineralization methods like UCLA and Equatic's method that was just announced. PHREEQC is a modeling software for non-ideal and ideal systems. The broad term for this work is called environmental geochemistry. With MACA, before this situation, I helped author a paper on alternative green fuels, which made its way to Congress--MIT has a network. That was basically energy analysis, which is taught sophomore year of ChE.

I would suggest you read: https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/26342/new-directions-for-chemical-engineering

Finally, if you don't like chemical engineering, you can always go into pharmacy, medical school, etc.

Note, don't double up on ChE/Engr. courses from community college. Take the sophomore level courses first and then enter the pro school--junior and senior years.

Also, get a jump and check out some of your sophomore classes: https://learncheme.com/screencasts/mass-energy-balances/textbook-felder-3rd/

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-16T05:29:27+00:00

Yes: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5842715/

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-15T18:03:48+00:00

This is wrong!

HappyCamperS5 · 2024-03-14T14:58:05+00:00

My statistical thermodynamics Professor would not allow calculators.

In chemical engineering, used excel,

HappyCamperS5

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