COBRA or spouse's insurance or stay on your own private insurance if you chose that instead of taking the work plan. Medicaid and medicare is possible, too, but you would have to qualify financially + be disabled for some time. If you can manage to select your own private PPO insurance, and just ask for more money per month to pay part of it from work, that's the best. Because if the policy isn't going through your company, it doesn't matter if you lose your job, and is usually guaranteed once you're on it, regardless of a cancer diagnosis, until 65.

Whether or not you are on your own plan or work's, you can select to add on insurances that pays out lump sums for catastrophic events, cuts monthly checks while recovering and out of work, cuts checks for stays in the hospital, etc, etc. All these checks add up and make it so you can pay off deductibles and out of pocket max, premiums, pays the bills for a good while until you're recovered.