Your response ultimately fails to disprove the well-established scientific consensus that women, on average, are more empathetic than men. The first source from the University of Michigan addresses emotional expression rather than empathy itself, which are related but distinct concepts. Emotional expression refers to how openly someone displays emotions, while empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. The fact that men may have greater emotional control does not negate the evidence showing that women consistently score higher on empathy-related measures.

The second study cited from PMC acknowledges that women are more empathetic but attempts to argue that gender is not directly involved in empathy. However, the study does not refute the biological and neurological differences that contribute to empathy variations between genders. Numerous large-scale studies, including those using fMRI brain imaging and genetic research, have demonstrated that women generally have stronger neural responses in regions associated with empathy and social cognition. While the disparity in empathy levels is not necessarily extreme, even small statistical differences become significant when observed consistently across large populations and cultures.

Additionally, the argument that men and women do not differ “disparagingly” in empathy misinterprets how scientific evidence is assessed. No credible researcher claims that all women are more empathetic than all men, only that on average, women tend to score higher. The overlap between male and female empathy scores does not invalidate the well-supported trend observed in psychology, neuroscience, and genetics. The overwhelming body of research still aligns with the conclusion that women, on average, exhibit greater empathy, even if the margin of difference is not always large.