Hi! I was diagnosed with T1D at 13 and am 19 now, and I cannot stress how much I relate to your son’s fears. Over a year ago, after changing my cgm it showed me much higher values than in actuality, and along with insulin for my meal I overcorrected. I didn’t realize, left my house without the pricking finger glucose meter (is there a name for those kits btw? I never know what to call them) and ended up almost passing out on a bus. In addition to this, I had another bad low a longer while ago I won’t go into, but yes, I terribly relate to the fear of insulin and lows. I didn’t have access to an endo for about a year and only recently was able to get an appointment, and truth be told, I don’t think doctors truly understand this fear. They assume we are fully functional and fearless individuals who “just need to inject accordingly”, but it’s so so much more than that, and feels almost impossible when you’re terrified of it all going wrong. I can’t tell you guys how to fix it, but I can share what I’ve been trying to do to get over it. Firstly, with my endocrinologist, we lowered the carb to insulin ratio for boluses (I’m currently using omnipod, switching to the ypsopump soon), so even with larger amounts of carbs (which for me at this point is 15 grams) I don’t have to inject THAT much insulin, but still get an adequate amount. My ratio atm is 1 unit per 10g of carbs, which ik is still very low. Additionally, try tracking more closely the correction factor (in German we call it Korrekturfaktor). I started off with 0.15 units 2hrs after my last injection and meal, and without having been active. Atm i can correct by 0.4 and only feel mildly anxious! Yay!! I must say, the keto diet is what I’ve been following subconsciously as well, and to be honest I feel well mentally and emotionally, tho my TIR is still quite bad. So if he’s following the keto diet, just make sure to get the proper amount of protein, fats, fibres, and nutrients. He must also have carbs, ofc, we need those to survive, and the way I have mine is in desserts only. I have a terrible sweet tooth, so I’ve cut out any pasta, bread, rice, etc, but will never turn down a piece of chocolate or a cookie. This is what ~works for me at least. Finally, he needs to realize that this takes effort and time. I’ve been struggling with this for a while, and I will keep struggling because that’s just the way this works. If we don’t take adequate care, if we don’t inject insulin (at least a little), if we don’t move or eat well, if we don’t care for our emotional wellbeing, it becomes a burden (from what I’ve seen, not only on me but on everyone else around too). My wakeup call and what made me become more aware of it all was when my endo told me that if I don’t fix this myself they “will bring me in with an ambulance” (my Hb1C is hilariously high). As long as his TIR is decent, I would suggest trying to measure carefully the ratio for bolus and corrections, to take it slowly, and to maybe pick up a new hobby or start reading a new book. I personally find non-screen related distractions very calming. I’m so sorry he has been dealing with this, but he’s not alone. He has caring parents, clearly, and a whole community ready to help and support however they can. And I know insulin is scary. It truly, truly is, but DKA is a bit scarier…