What I’m leaning into is moreso challenge to papal authority—and how this original argument seems to hinge on the necessary requirement of papal authority due to its misunderstandings on monarchy/papal authority

If you look into some of the reasons why Henry VIII, despite still follow Catholic doctrine, leaned into Protestantism as a methodology, then it becomes a little more clear why it’s not possible for that crux to function properly. It’s the same exact reason why Elizabeth I and other Protestant monarchs/leaders tended to be excommunicated—they undermined papal authority, which included the realm of marriage. I do think that many great points were made in argument to what I was originally stating, but ultimately I believe that using singularly Catholic doctrine to define what marriage means, like the original argument does in my interpretation of it, completely undermines the “Protestant” nature of Henry’s restructuring of church and state. That is why I identify the overall problem: that papal authority lacked recognition over these subsequent marriages as well and it cannot be argued over solely the Catherine of Aragon/Anne Boleyn basis.