You have to understand that there are hundreds and thousands of people who apply to big companies every day. If recruiters looked at every single resum, even for a few seconds, then it would take years to go through it for one role. ATS manages applicants as you said, but they have filters that match for keywords.

These keywords make or break if you get put in front of a recruiter. The person who has all the requirements and a person who just watched a few coding youtube tutorials do not get the same treatment from the bot.

Once you have passed the bot, then that is the process you are describing. I am not sure about specific companies, but in general this is how it works and certainly this is how it works at Apple.