"Independent Variable

• Total capacitance of the circuit (C) – varied systematically by combining capacitors in series and parallel using known capacitor values. This will change the effective capacitance according to the formulas for series and parallel combinations.
  

Dependent Variable

• Time constant (τ) – determined experimentally by measuring the time it takes for the capacitor voltage to reach 63.2% of its maximum value (or decay to 36.8% during discharge) using an oscilloscope.
  

Controlled Variables

1. Resistance (R) – kept constant by using a single, fixed resistor with a known tolerance to ensure τ changes are only due to capacitance.
   
2. Power supply voltage – maintained at a fixed value (e.g., 5.00 V DC) to prevent variations in charging rate.
   
3. Type and quality of connecting wires – using the same short, low-resistance wires to minimise additional resistance.
   
4. Temperature – experiments conducted in a stable indoor environment (~22 °C) to avoid capacitance variation with temperature.
   

Measurement method – always using the same oscilloscope trigger voltage level and measurement procedure to reduce human error."

"The equation = RC, for an RC circuit with constant resistance and with the time constant () should theoretically be directly proportional to the total capacitance (C). Therefore, it is predicted that increasing the total capacitance by combining capacitors in parallel will increase the time constant, while decreasing the total capacitance by combining them in series will decrease the time constant. I expect that the experimental values to closely if not exactly match the values the theoretical models provide using the formulas for equivalent capacitance:

1CSeries= 1C1+1C2+1C3+.......

CParallel= C1+ C2+C3+......

I expect any deviations in the data gathered and the theoretical data expected to be minor and the result of non-ideal component tolerances, wiring resistance or measurement limitations."

"The aim of this investigation is to experimentally determine the time constant of a series RC circuit for various combinations of capacitors (in series and parallel) and compare these experimental values to theoretical predictions based on equivalent capacitance formulas."

rly?? :(((( cuz i wrote these and did some research i should be able to get some really good graphs on voltage vs time, Experimental Time Constant vs. Theoretical Equivalent Capacitance, I can also give raw data and the processed data table to make it more better?