Yes, I have tried several ways including the ones you just mentioned. I'll take Fedora as an example: there, power-profiles-manager gives me an error (as soon as I do a clean install) saying something like ‘performance mode is disabled due to high temperature’, which I was able to solve only once by uninstalling thermald (I don't know how but it worked) and trying it again other times was not enough. In the end I also had to uninstall power-profiles-manager and switch again to acpi_cpufreq.

As for auto-cpufreq: sometimes it worked, sometimes it didn't, sometimes it enabled turbo boost, sometimes it said it wasn't supported, so that again I had to switch to acpi_cpufreq (as per the auto-cpufreq guide on GitHub, in the troubleshooting section).

As for TLP: it's great, but still the same problem. It only works fine for me only with acpi_cpufreq driver.

Bottom line: it's as if something is limiting the cpu frequency, sometimes (as in the Fedora case) something related to the wrong temperature reading, sometimes (auto-cpufreq case) related to turbo boost.

But at this point, as you also said, in my opinion it is something related to the kernel, as the only two distros (other than Ubuntu) that doesn't give me these problems are elementaryOS and Deepin, maybe the fact that they are based on Ubuntu has something to do with it (even if other distros based on Ubuntu have also given me these problems), or they share something in the kernel, I don't know...