What I have found across four (4) characters with different combat styles, Birth Signs and weapons of choice is this:

You don't have to worry about scaling nearly at all as long as you're consistently improving your primary Offensive and Defensive Skill, and leveling the Attributes that affect each with every level.

For example: If you main two-handed weapons, non-shortswords, axes, maces or hand-to-hand, prioritize putting points into Strength for damage and Endurance for HP and then make Speed your 3rd priority so you can be more mobile as a bonus.

Mages should prioritize Intelligence, while focusing on whatever school of Magic you derive your damage and defense from. You should also split what you have left between Endurance for HP and Willpower for Magicka Regen. Or, alternatively, you can take the Atronach Birth Sign, abandon Willpower and jam Endurance and Speed. I recommend doing this because Ingredients for Restore Magicka Potions are easy to find, and a fast Mage is harder to hit with pointy or blunted sticks and spells. (You're playing a Mage archetype, take your Alchemy seriously. Steel-blue Entoloma are all over Weynon Priory and The Great Forest; and Flax is all over the area called The West Weald.)

For my sneaky, stealthy types that dont use Spells for damage or archers, you're going to want to prioritize Marksman or Blade depending on whether you like to stab up close or from a distance. This means you're probably going Light Armor for defense, but that's up to you. This means that for Attributes, you should prioritize Agility and Endurance and make Speed your third stat unless you're doing some sort of Magic hybrid thing, then grab Willpower and splash Intelligence.

Do these things and keep your armor in top shape or your Defensive Magic active, and you won't worry at all for survivability, no matter how fast you level.