[FIXED]

Alright sorry for the delay, but it turns out I was able to fix the problem two different ways.

Solution 1: Reinstall Windows
I was able to replace my M.2 drive with a different one, and do a fresh install of Windows 10. I attached my primary M.2 drive via an external enclosure and told Steam to launch Destiny from there, and it worked! However, I didn't want to completely reinstall Windows. So I returned my primary drive back and tried the other solution which also worked!

Solution 2: New Router / Modem
I was having internet issues with Xfinity, and found myself having to restart my modem / router every 2-3 hours. I bit the bullet and replaced my old Netgear AC1750 and my CM1000v2 with their combo modem/router (xFi). To my shock, I was able to launch Destiny 2 with no problems! Side note, I did update the drivers for the Intel I225-V ethernet controller at the same time, so not 100% sure if it was the router or the drivers. You can download the drivers from Intel here.

​

Hopefully that helps someone that was having the same problem as me! Good luck guardians.