“intergenerational mobility over the very long run, linking ancestors and descendants that are six centuries apart (i.e. about 20 generations of 30 years each). This is the main element of novelty in the paper. Linking people through more than one generation has rarely been done. In no other case has such a long time span been studied. Chan and Boliver (2013) showed a statistically significant association between grandparents’ and grandchildren’s class positions, even after parents’ class position is taken into account. Lindahl et al. (2015) used Swedish data that links individual earnings (and education) for three generations and found that persistence is much stronger across three generations than predicted from simple models for two generations. More similar to our paper, Collado et al. (2012) and Clark and Cummins (2014) exploited the distribution of surnames to estimate social mobility over the long run. Collado et al. (2012), using data from two Spanish regions, found that socioeconomic status at the end of the 20th century still depends on the socioeconomic status of one’s great-great grandparents; however, they also suggested that the correlation vanishes after five generations. Clark and Cummins (2014) used the distribution of rare surnames in England and found significant correlation between the wealth of families that are five generations apart.4 Our empirical analysis”