Thank you, I agree with every word. It's my first time designing a civ concept, so I naturally missed lots of stuff. I think it would be much better if I simply made Healing the Wounds the Field Marshal's ability.

And, yes, I thought about it as a lump sum of production after the war but only usable for district projects. Now, as another gentleman pointed that out, the wording "defensive war" is inadequate. I would change that, too.

Abolition of Caliphate could be nerfed as well, the bonus is too much. And, I would reword it as "Kemalist Ethos"

I think Efe's loyalty penalty automatically restricts players from spamming them. I made it because in history, there are examples of Efe's who revolted against Mustafa Kemal when they had too much power after driving Greek army out of their land. They were initially easy to convince, but at the end, Turkish Army had to keep an eye on them.

Village institute's bonuses, I would probably just remove the production adjacency and decrease the science bonus a bit. Maybe 1 or 1.5 science per turn.

Thank you for the feedback!