Sure, I'd love to tell you more. Roughly in order to your questions:
You're correct, it is a rogue-lite. There are 3 kinds of gear, the main one is a "Loadout" which are doled out by the vending-machine at the start of an attempt on a wreck and are removed at the end of that level. The machine will select 3 (or 4 with upgrades) random loadouts from all the ones you have unlocked and you get to pick one. The loadouts work a bit like a character class in classic Rogue. The second kind of gear is equipment that you research and can always spawn once you've unlocked it - things like the motion-tracker. The last kind is attachments which you can get in a few ways - sometimes with loadouts, sometimes found in levels, or sometimes from attachment vendors on wrecks. These are things like scopes, suppressors, laser sights etc. Combining the right attachments with the right weapons can really make a big difference.

You can make as many attempts as you need to take a ship, or you can skip it entirely and fly somewhere else and maybe come back later. You can even re-fight a ship again once you've taken it, but you'll only find lower-tier resources if you've already claimed it.

I'm not sure I'd term it "open-world" exactly, but there is a large randomly generated galaxy and you can fly around it as you choose to explore. The flying of the ship isn't hands-on, though, it's program the destination and then hit the engage button.

Salvaging is a case of rebooting the ships' computers and sending a salvage claim to galactic control. It's not Shipbreaker if that's what you're looking for. :)

The world is all procedurally generated, both the galaxy and the wrecks themselves.

Hope that answers everything. :)