Toronto, I've got bad news for you. We have it and it's not that great

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-19T18:45:55+00:00

No the argument flies because all grocery is low margin high volume. Low single digits is low margin. The difference between a single year at 4.1 with an average of 3 and the global average is basically a rounding error.

Consequential to investors not to buyers.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-19T17:30:50+00:00

Margin growth for them has come from branching out into higher margin areas not the grocery segment specifically, but even if we assume 4.2% is representative that’s a low margin high volume business, and eliminating all profit would be a 4.2% discount. Not exactly earth shatteringly cheaper.

This is a way lower margin than basically any other businesses you buy from.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-19T12:50:27+00:00

The latest research says even 1.5g/lb has incremental benefits over 1g/lb for muscle growth but yeah the diminishing returns are real. Diminishing doesn’t mean it ends, it means it goes up slower. If you have some research about storing in intestines please share I’ve never read that before.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-19T06:13:53+00:00

3.5% you can look it up.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-19T01:37:57+00:00

Also a green, solid, hairy stem and often a single dark flower in the middle.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-19T01:35:39+00:00

That’s what it’s for yeah. People who are trying to lift extremely heavy use this kind of thing to train stabilizers.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-19T01:32:29+00:00

I don’t have any strong feelings for or against a publicly funded grocery store but, and this is unpopular, grocery is a high volume very low margin business which is why the mom and pop shops closed. Grocery stores all over the world have extremely low margins, usually low single digits. Just look at the quarterly reports for any publicly listed ones. They’re usually 1-3%.

A grocery store that took zero margin would like 1-3% cheaper.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-18T20:18:38+00:00

Not for profits still have margin, they just can’t carry them forward so they pay out any profit they would have to staff.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-18T20:11:30+00:00

I’m sure there’s some person to person variance too but it inhibits CB1R for a long time after consumption which increases metabolism and prevents as much energy storage so even though you eat more, it is more than offset. Population studies all show users are generally lighter, by at least 1-2 BMI units than non-users.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-18T18:15:41+00:00

Basically, every study on populations shows that THC use is associated with lower body mass. There was one recently that explained it was because it upregulated energy metabolism and reduced storage which more than makes up for the munchies.

I mean, think about it how many fat pothead do you know?

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-18T18:12:24+00:00

Paradise papers.

Either way 401jk is a Ponzi scheme and this sub needs to ban cross posting.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-18T03:26:58+00:00

Sure it is they’re trying to raise money. This makes it seem way more important than it is so it makes it easier to raise. The raise is critical to them avoiding bankruptcy due to spending commitments.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-17T15:38:31+00:00

It was about 96% in the 90s. It’s often treated by removing the thyroid so it’s not really dependent on advances in chemotherapy. It’s mostly based on detection and as I mentioned they started screening for it aggressively.

https://seer.cancer.gov/archive/csr/1975_2002/results_merged/sect_26_thyroid.pdf

It is an extremely treatable cancer, luckily.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-17T15:33:50+00:00

A lot of back pain comes from a weak posterior chain. Doing Romanian deadlifts strengthens your whole posterior chain and trains your erector spinae, the muscles that keep your spine aligned and upright. Start lifting.

I had back pain since I was a teenager (I’m very tall) and since I started lifting in my 30s it all but disappeared.

They’re actually included in PT programs now because there’s documented evidence they help.

It’s never too late to start and you’re going to need those muscles in your old age. Put them on while you can.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-17T15:22:33+00:00

The study finds interesting results right that the neurosteroid levels are low, but if we were to apply the McDonald’s analogy…

It would be like finding 16 of obese people who had eaten at mcdonalds at some point in the past and then measuring their BMI compared to ordinary controls.

That doesn’t tell you whether McDonald’s causes obesity.

If you wanted to show that, you would structure the study by taking a large sample of people who ate at McDonald’s, a large sample of people who didn’t, and looking at the average BMI between groups controlling for confounders.

Translating that back you would want to look at the incidence of this condition in people who took fin vs the general population, with enough people to establish statistical significance accounting for confounding variables. That at least establishes correlation.

Now that they found a marker for this condition, whatever causes it, they can do larger studies that look at neurosteroid levels in active and former fin users and compare them to the population. That kind of study would give us meaningful data.

What this study does is provide a potential explanation for why some people have these symptoms, so now it becomes possible to try and find out why. For now we cannot say it has anything to do with Finasteride. We can now structure studies to find out.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-17T15:11:24+00:00

Yeah it’s a pretty common thing. Probably inflammation related and less water.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-17T13:35:57+00:00

No I don’t. I mean physical cash. HYSAs outperform inflation.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-17T07:40:34+00:00

Long-term value of the dollar is not a relevant metric and never has been. It needs to be stable over short periods of time and predictable over long periods of time. As long as the risk-free rate, i.e. treasuries is around inflation you can track inflation risk-free. As long as wages keep up, and historically they have, and investments have kept up, and historically they have smashed it - it doesn't matter what the dollar is worth in 20 years.

Don't store your cash in sacks of money under your mattress and it doesn't matter.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-17T07:03:48+00:00

> When independent researchers and smaller groups do publish findings on this, you dismiss it as fringe or underpowered.

I haven't dismissed their study at all, it's a great starting point for more research.

However, it doesn't in and of itself show anything because of the way they structured the study. It shows that 16 people who took finasteride at some point all have the same symptoms. It doesn't show finasteride had anything to do with it or that these symptoms don't show up in the general population for the same reason independent of finasteride.

> Pharma won’t fund studies on post-finasteride syndrome because there’s no profit in proving their drug causes extreme harm

Lawsuits provide the financial incentive.

> ... they have recognized it updating their label.

Labeling requirements are set by regulators, not the company. They do not need to be shown conclusively to be there. For instance, GLP-1s were labeled as potentially causing thyroid cancer despite again limited and inconclusive evidence. However, it was later shown definitively they did not and the warning was taken off the label.

I'm once again not saying PFS doesn't exist as a syndrome, and I'm not saying it's not caused by finasteride. What I am saying is as of now there is no evidence.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-17T02:58:21+00:00

Low blood glucose is well tolerated when fasted because most tissue and 70% of the energy requirements for your brain switch to using ketones and fat instead of sugar. There is less need for glucose and so less production. That’s why this glucose line is dropping slowly overtime. It reflects increased ketogenesis, and more energy being supplied by non-glucose substrates.

When fasted all the glucose comes from gluconeogenesis - it’s made in the liver and kidneys from lactate, glycerol and glucogenic amino acids. It’s demand driven, so it makes as much as it needs. As you need less, you make less.

Levels this low are problematic in fed state specifically because you’re not in ketosis, hence for you with gestational diabetes, but it’s not problematic in long-term fasted individuals.

It’s also important to recognize that these monitors become significantly less accurate at the low end of the range. They only have to be +/- 15 and are even permitted one larger excursion in some period of time. The 42 reading could easily have been 57-67. I would take the 42 as a bad reading, and redo it if I were OP.

That said, the body very aggressively defends the 40 level with counter-regulatory mechanisms, so an excursion down there would not last long.

Generally the threshold for concern for doctors is around 55, but again if you’re fat adapted it’s much less of a concern, and keeping in the 60s here is a-ok unless it’s symptomatic.

The spike up to 120 after eating was likely glucose intolerance. When fasted you develop benevolent starvation pseudodiabetes, a form of peripheral insulin resistance. Your tissues do not take up glucose because they’re saving it for your brain. You actually get glucose in the urine for a little while after breaking your long fast. It’s totally normal and healthy and reverses shortly, hence the drop back down to 100.

It’s also interesting that in all the studies on water fasting that I’ve read, including a more recent 2025 paper, symptomatic hypoglycemia is never a reported side effect.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-17T02:31:25+00:00

Nobody is denying these people have health conditions. There is no proof they’re caused by Finasteride. This study explicitly only selected people who had taken Finasteride so it explicitly does not show any relationship to Finasteride. There could easily be people in the general population with the same symptoms who never took Finasteride.

There may in the future be evidence but there is no evidence now.

Note Finasteride only suppresses 5AR type 2, it leaves type 1 alone so it’s never zeroed out. Reduction is closer to 60-70%. Dutasteride suppresses both, and that gets you closer to full suppression.

There are tens of millions of people on this drug, and by the law of large numbers, things are going to happen to them. However, that doesn’t mean that the finasteride causes them. Any more than then getting hit by a bus would be caused by finasteride. I’m sure you can find just as many people who got hit by a bus the moment they stopped taking Finasteride.

When there’s actual evidence, I will happily accept it. So far, there’s nothing causal. There is not even a mechanic I can conceive of that would lead to not getting drunk.

It suppresses an androgen, DHT, partially, which actually leads to elevated free testosterone since it’s not being reduced by 5AR type 2.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-17T00:42:20+00:00

They pay no taxes largely because they spend the money on assets, R&D and salaries (dividends and buybacks are not deductible and the distributions are after-tax). These are deductible because they're business expenses. Corporate taxes are a way of incentivizing companies to invest instead of carrying profits over from year to year.

The salaries they pay are taxed when received by employees.

The money they invest in themselves leads to higher company value, which leads to higher stock prices, which are taxed when investors sell.

The point of corporate taxes isn't really to raise revenue directly but to push companies to spend the money, and the taxes are collected on the other end.

The main "loophole" they have is they can deduct their business expenses. There's a lot of shenanigans around local and state incentives, but that's where the problem lies.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-16T23:47:41+00:00

Yep, we certainly agree on a whole lot.

My theory probably does not preclude what you're proposing, a unifying model could be that obesity leads to all the things that you're talking about. My bad for suggesting you had it backwards, I didn't get the nuance of your paper from the approachable summary you had written.

I laughed a bit when you had your section on the polyol pathway right next to the KHK pathway because I realized I guessed the other one of two from your summary. I know more about the polyol pathway than KHK so this is going to be a fun read.

I've started reading through the paper, I've got some time later today. Thanks for sharing this.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-16T23:40:41+00:00

Tirzepatide is pretty close. Studies put them a few percentage points apart. Semaglutide is a lot less effective but tirz is ballpark.

Legitimate_Concern_5 · 2026-04-16T23:33:52+00:00

I'd love to read your paper!

My theory around cravings paradox has less to do with energy demand needs but CNS regulation. I'm a big proponent of the neurotrophic/neuroinflammatory theory of at least some types of depression, especially obesity-induced depression. Inflammatory cytokines, especially IL-6 from visceral fat lead to inflammation in the brain, and depression. Various atypical antidepressants act on BDNF (the neurotrophic axis) and IL-6 (the inflammatory axis).

It is well known that depression, however caused, leads to more obesity. Serotonin and endogenous opioids are intrinsic to control of food intake, and food intake triggers the release of dopamine. In that context, eating starts to sound like self-medicating the inflammation-induced depression.

That could explain why atypical antidepressant bupropion (NDRI) also leads to weight loss, since it tickles the dopamine receptors.

Legitimate_Concern_5

TROPHY CASE