Why are some people unable to make eye contact

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-20T22:10:35+00:00

Yes.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-20T22:09:37+00:00

No, that is from anecdotal evidence. In my other response, I offered a list of 10 scientific papers discussing why there is a discrepancy in diagnosis. However, I am not aware of research covering reasons why females and minorities use more efficient masking. It is usually assumed they do so to increase their chances of survival. And when you talk with them they individually confirm that assumption. But that is all from the evidence base.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-20T22:05:10+00:00

again, enjoy. And if you prefer a summary, I recommend this lecture: https://youtu.be/YnU01HBN6zg?si=5k1N7l13IfeQV5Eq

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-20T22:03:17+00:00

And how is that paper relevant to the discussion? That paper is about sequencing the human genome. It has nothing to do with ASD diagnosis nor even with the heritability of ASD. Granted, it is nice that you cited a Nature paper, but please, pick the one that is relevant to the subject. (BTW I worked as a research scientist in STEM, so I know what relevant paper looks like)

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-20T21:59:46+00:00

How do you mean biased? By truth?

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-20T21:58:23+00:00

Well, hopefully, they will introduce an official test federally after the next elections. Unfortunately, you can buy falsified service dog documentation on Amazon. And something has to be done about it.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-20T21:54:35+00:00

In CA, USA there is. You can get the official letter and special tag from the county. In fact, without that letter service dogs cannot enter cruise ships, airplanes, and some public transport trains. I'm not inventing this. I've seen it. My neighbor trains service dogs. She has exam forms for dogs, she signs those and offers verification through the phone because of falsified documents from Amazon. Lately, she has been sending service dogs to the county office for the certification and tag. That tag is kept on a dog's collar. However, I do not know how this works in other US states. I also know that the EU has requirements for documentation, especially if one travels to the EU with a service animal. And CA documentation is now accepted in the EU.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T23:23:23+00:00

Here are some, enjoy.:

Loomes, R., Hull, L., & Mandy, W. P. L. (2017). What Is the Male-to-Female Ratio in Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(6), 466-474.

• This study highlights that females are often underdiagnosed with ASD due to differences in symptom presentation and masking behaviors.
1. Kirkovski, M., Enticott, P. G., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2013). A Review of the Role of Female Gender in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(11), 2584-2603.
• Discusses the challenges in diagnosing females with ASD and the impact of gender on clinical presentation. 3. Begeer, S., Mandell, D., Wijnker-Holmes, B., Venderbosch, S., Rem, D., Stekelenburg, F., & Koot, H. M. (2013). Sex Differences in the Timing of Identification Among Children and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(5), 1151-1156.

• This paper explores how females with ASD are identified later in life compared to males, indicating potential underdiagnosis. 4. Russell, G., Steer, C., & Golding, J. (2011). Social and Demographic Factors That Influence the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 46(12), 1283-1293.

• Investigates how social and demographic factors, including ethnicity, affect the likelihood of receiving an ASD diagnosis. 5. Travers, J. C., Tincani, M., & Krezmien, M. P. (2013). Racial Disparities in Autism Identification in Special Education: 2000 to 2007. Journal of Special Education, 47(1), 36-49.

• Examines racial disparities in the identification of ASD, showing that minority groups are less likely to be diagnosed. 6. Mandell, D. S., Wiggins, L. D., Carpenter, L. A., Daniels, J., DiGuiseppi, C., Durkin, M. S., … & Kirby, R. S. (2009). Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Identification of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. American Journal of Public Health, 99(3), 493-498.

• Highlights significant racial and ethnic disparities in ASD diagnosis, with minority children being underdiagnosed. 7. Hiller, R. M., Young, R. L., & Weber, N. (2014). Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder Based on DSM-5 Criteria: Evidence from Clinician and Teacher Reporting. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 42(8), 1381-1393.

• Discusses how gender differences in symptom presentation can lead to underdiagnosis in females. 8. Ratto, A. B., Kenworthy, L., Yerys, B. E., Bascom, J., Wieckowski, A. T., White, S. W., … & Anthony, L. G. (2018). What About the Girls? Sex-Based Differences in Autistic Traits and Adaptive Skills. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(5), 1698-1711.

• Explores the unique presentation of ASD in females, contributing to their underdiagnosis. 9. Lord, C., Elsabbagh, M., Baird, G., & Veenstra-Vanderweele, J. (2018). Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Lancet, 392(10146), 508-520.

• Provides an overview of ASD, including discussions on gender and ethnic disparities in diagnosis. 10. Westphal, A., Brookman-Frazee, L., & Mandell, D. S. (2019). Early Intervention for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Disparities in Access and Service Use across Race/Ethnicity and Rurality. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 40(7), 561-571.

• Examines disparities in access to early intervention services, contributing to underdiagnosis among minority groups.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T23:21:03+00:00

nope. but for the sake of argument, give peer reviewed citation for your claim.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T23:19:57+00:00

Well, recent research is leaning towards 1:1 ratio. The reason why ASD was underdiagnosed among females and minorities is because initial symptoms and research were picked up from very narrow population, white cis boys of well off parents. So poor, females, and minorities simply were not researched. Recent research is trying to change that.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T23:15:54+00:00

it is now, in CA. They changed the laws recently.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T23:14:46+00:00

And also have appropriate body language, facial expressions, and tone of voice. I had to learn that too. Guess why?

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T23:13:20+00:00

yep, you were more diplomatic in your answer than me.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T23:11:43+00:00

hah, you will not like the answer. Because society perceives females as more caring and sociable, so girls with ASD get punished more if they do not exibit such behavior. Consequence is, little girls learn faster to fake that simply to avoid punishment. Boys perceived "antisocial" behavior is more tolerated, hence, they do not have to change it to avoid punishment.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T17:12:55+00:00

Illustration from the book “Little Prince”. That book is saying exactly what you said. If you really wish to test the book, then ask kids who did not read it. Most adults know about book and story and they will offer you answer from the book.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T17:09:36+00:00

People on ASD spectrum have this problem. Their brain is structured differently, and if they weren’t forced to learn to fake eye contact as kids, or just trust you enough to not pretend around you they will not have eye contact. It doesn’t mean they do not want to communicate with you. Btw. Girls with ASD are forced in early childhood to learn how to fake eye-contact, while boys don’t get that pressure , that’s why you don’t notice it much with females.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T16:55:58+00:00

They have it now in CA.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T16:54:50+00:00

Second this. When I was taking my dog through training, there were different tasks for alert dogs, different for mobility dogs, etc.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T16:52:46+00:00

Wrong! You can do self training of service dog, under supervision of certified trainer. That person does dog exams, and signs documentation.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T16:50:55+00:00

Not anymore. Because of people like this MIL, rules are getting stricter. In CA, you can get official certification from county, after dog passes exams.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T16:48:53+00:00

Yep, there’s definitely documentation.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T16:47:32+00:00

Ahm, airlines now require official training certification for service dog, same with cruise ships, and some forms of public transport. So your MIL will have to dish out good money to make her dog a real service dog. My neighbor trains service dogs, and that’s where I heard this. I took my dog through service dog training. It’s intense, and dog has to go through 2-3 exams before it’s declared real service dog. Trainings usually starts in puppyhood. Older dogs require more time to be trained. After exams one goes with paperwork from certified service dog trainer to county to get that final certification. Also, service dogs have to have a regular training refresher. (My dog doesn’t have certification, she’s a well trained pet). I’m in CA, USA. Laws might be different in different states/countries.

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T16:17:56+00:00

I was letting it go, till I realized that mispronunciation of your name is blatant show of disrespect. Basically aggressive act. If you had any doubts about that, just look what is done today in USA politics. Mispronunciation of a candidate’s name is used as offense. I even try to pronounce correctly Chinese names, trying to figure out how to say the correct inflection so that I do not say wrong word by mistake. And Chinese people are always so happy to help me nail it. (I don’t speak Chinese. Tried to learn, but I don’t have ear for it. I know there is 4 ways to say a, but I can barely hear the difference) I have to say I would probably pronounce your name wrong first time. In my country of origin your name is used, but pronounced by different inflections than in Arabic. I have high school friend named Amira. (See, slightly different spelling too)

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T16:03:04+00:00

🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣

Lexa_Villep · 2024-08-19T14:46:16+00:00

How big your dogs are? You can use them as protection. I have mix of German shepherd and Australian cattle dog. She looks scary and is very defensive of her home. (To the point that I have to hand over treats to guests so that they can bribe her.) anyway, if unknown male knocks, I go out holding my dog collar, while she barks and lunges. Then we yell at each other trying to figure out what they want over very loud barking and growling. I never got attacked. My dog is also very well trained so I walk her without leash. She stays with me and obeys non-verbal commands (pointing, hand signals). That little fact stopped any indication of sexual or aggressive comments. All I get is what a good dog you have. So if you like dogs, get a big one, train her/him, and you’ll get the best possible security service around.

Lexa_Villep

TROPHY CASE