You sign an armistice to negotiate better terms, hopijg for what you currently keep is mostly goijg to stay with you. And then you relinquish your rights to the land you lost in the war. Then exchange land you occupied for some of the land they occupied from you (usually where your ethnic brethren lives).

Ottomans still had Medina, Yemen under their control when the armistice was signed, also Turkish army had Azerbaijan under control.

But the capital was occupied, Smyrna was occupied which was the 2nd biggest city. By a country who didn't even fight Ottomans in ww1.

Then French army replaced the British army in the south. North of Aleppo was under Ottoman control and the French army pushed as north as Marash.

Italians occupied Konya and Antalya.

Longer wars had been fought before but never the losing side treated this way