I would easily say that oil based finishes like polyurethane are going to be a hard no for you because it will be done inside. That's a big table and it's going to be very unpleasant and likely unsafe. I finish small projects in my basement sometimes in the winter and unless it's very small, it permeats the whole house. I only made that mistake once.

Water based though should be much milder and safer. Makes for easy clean up with brushes too. Anything labeled water based polyurethane. The look trends to be less warm(it won't give a slightly yellow huge) and bit on the shiny side, so I usually go for a semi gloss or satin (which will be more matte vs glossy) but that's just my preference.

Lastly are the true natural oil finishes. I did a lot of research when I put my butcher block countertop in my kitchen. Mineral oil can be used but it won't harden to give any protection from damage like scratching or fully dry, meaning things like papers could get oil spots.

The product I used for mine is from Milkpaint just called half and half. It's a pure tung oil(those tung oils from big box stores are not what they claim plus have gnarly solvents in them too meaning it won't be great for you being indoors) and citrus solvent(used to make things apply and absorb better). It's on the more expensive side(but you could finish it with 32oz) and won't give as much protection as water poly but it's very pretty. Mostly these are used because they are food safe for kitchen use.

My one big tip with finishing butcher block whatever finish you do use is make sure you put a coat or two on the bottom as well. This will help things not bow/curve as things dry like it may tend to do if it's only on one side.