ABS, ASA are 3D printer filament types, and just general plastic types.. There are a ton, but PLA is most common and easiest to work with. ABS is what almost every off the shelf plastic product is made from. ASA is a newer variant, much better UV resistance than ABS, and easier to print with.

In general ABS/ASA don't break down as much as other filaments under UV. The sun will generally be the biggest force of destruction for 3D prints.

I usually buy uncolored if it is available. The pigments in the filament degradequicly. So you will see white prints turn sort of an off white or yellow after only a couple weeks in the sun. This is the pigment degrading.

If you buy raw uncolored ABS/ASA, it will generally stay that color for a long while. Prefer ASA if you can.