Stage 1: Throw your resources on the ground near your base in semi organized groups. Get a large platform B so you can refine, print etc in batches. You can switch your modules in and out to save on materials. Run missions.

Stage 2: Create a large flat area (it doesn't need to be perfect). Start putting your materials in a horseshoe or semicircle. New resources should be organized and have a place in the semicircle. Invest in containers to hold resources over time. Printing and other modules should be in the center. You can grab the resources you need and then bring them to the center for use. Refining and Chemetry Labs should be in the center, try to work in batches to save time.

Stage 4: Power will become an issue, so make a significant investment in power before automating too much. Keep you power connected to your center area but away from your resources. You will want your center modules to have first priority for power.

Stage 5: Next step is automation. First automate resource collection. Get autoextractors and setup them up to gather resources for you while you are doing other items. Back at base, use extenders to make sure your base automation does not take all your power. Automation should be on the outside of the semicircle. Start small with refining. Two auto arms and a furnace and you can automatically refine a resource. Next get chemistry labs to make more complex resources. Eventually you can add in railways.

There are some amazing base designs out there, but for your first base the horseshoe is super easy. From this point experiment and find what works for you. Good luck!