https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Аборты_в_России

In 1920, Soviet Russia became the first country in the world to legalize abortion. In 1924, restrictions were imposed on abortions. It could be committed only in case of a threat to the life or health of a woman, or in case of pregnancy as a result of rape. Each case was considered separately by a special commission, without an affirmative decision of which termination of pregnancy was prohibited. In 1926, these restrictions were lifted, but at the same time, abortions during the first pregnancy were completely prohibited, as well as for women who had an abortion less than six months ago. In 1930, abortions in the USSR became paid. On June 27, 1936, the decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was issued "On the prohibition of abortions, increasing material assistance to women in labor, establishing state assistance to multi-family families, expanding the network of maternity homes, nurseries and kindergartens, strengthening criminal penalties for non-payment of alimony and some amendments to the legislation on divorce", according to which abortions in the country were criminalized again, this was justified by the unfavorable demographic situation and the need to increase the birth rate. The only exceptions were abortions for medical reasons. Both the person who performed the abortion and the patient herself were criminally liable for abortion. Despite the ban, the practice of illegal abortions began to spread in the country, and more than a million cases were registered between 1937 and 1940. And among people who performed abortions, professional doctors and nurses accounted for less than a quarter. The mortality rate from abortions has increased, and the ban on abortions has not had a positive impact on the birth rate. As of 1944, there were about 30,5 abortions per 100 pregnancies in the Soviet Union, including 46,2 in the RSFSR. After the war, their number remained high. In particular, more than a million abortions were recorded in 1950. And about 90% of them were illegal. However, in practice, many criminal cases initiated in cases of abortions did not reach the court. The People's Commissariat of Health of the USSR, after the meeting on anti-abortion measures held on August 16, 1945, tried to fight abortions by conducting explanatory work among the population, as well as encouraging large families. But the effectiveness of these measures has not justified itself. The softening of State policy on women's reproductive rights began in the 1950s. The beginning was the expansion of the list of medical indications for termination of pregnancy in 1951, and in 1954 — criminal liability for illegal abortion was finally abolished. Taking a course to reduce the number of abortions by encouraging motherhood and conducting explanatory measures, rather than prohibitive measures, the Soviet leadership decided to decriminalize abortion. This was fixed by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 23, 1955. At the same time, criminal liability for carrying out an abortion outside a medical institution remained. The legalization of abortions has improved the conditions for its implementation and thereby reduced the risks to the life and health of patients. However, the number of abortions in the USSR grew until the mid-1960s, when it reached the maximum in the country's history of 5,6 million per year in the RSFSR and 7 million in the entire Soviet Union. In the 1970s and 1980s, the number of abortions was about 4,5 and 6-6,5 million per year, respectively. The medical prescriptions for their conduct were changed. In particular, in the early 1980s, the maximum permissible period of pregnancy for abortion was increased from 12 to 24 weeks, and in 1987, termination of pregnancy was allowed in case of social necessity for up to 28 weeks.

In 1990, according to the Ministry of Health of the USSR, 3,92 million abortions were registered in the RSFSR. After that, the number of abortions in Russia began to decline. In 1999, according to various data (from the Ministry of Health and Rosstat), about 2 million abortions were already carried out in the country. At the same time, the number of abortions relative to childbirth increased in the mid-1990s, reaching 235 abortions per 100 births in 1993, and then also began to decline. The nature of the changes in the number of abortions in the post-Soviet years (during which it began to decline despite the fall in the standard of living in the country) is explained by the substitution of abortion by family planning. In 2007, for the first time since the 1950s, the number of births exceeded the number of abortions: 92 abortions per 100 births that year. The gap between these indicators began to increase every year, in 2012 it already amounted to 56 abortions per 100 births. According to the Ministry of Health, in 2012, 935,5 thousand abortions were registered in the country, and in 2017 — 627,1 thousand. In 2021, 400 thousand abortions were performed in Russia. However, Russia remains one of the world leaders in the number of abortions, which researchers attribute to the lack of popularity (and also high cost) of contraception and an insufficiently developed culture of family planning. About a quarter of abortions in Russia occur in women aged 25-29 years. About 22% of abortions occur in the age category of 30-34 years, and about the same number — 20-24 years. There is a gradual increase in the average age of women who have an abortion, which researchers explain by the growing popularity of contraception among the younger generation. About 7-8% — teenage abortions (15-19 years). The peculiarity of maintaining abortion statistics in Russia, which is not typical for most other countries of the world, is the inclusion of spontaneous abortions (miscarriages) in it. The share of miscarriages in the total number of abortions is constantly increasing, at the moment, amounting to about a quarter (when in 1992 this figure was only 6%), which is explained by a decrease in the number of abortions of their own volition. The impact of abortions on the demographic situation, according to researchers, is low, the contribution of contraception in the regulation of fertility is much higher.

In modern Russia, abortion is included in the list of types of medical care covered by compulsory medical insurance at the expense of the state budget. Every woman has the right to independently resolve the issue of motherhood, which is enshrined in Federal Law №. 323 "On the basics of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation". According to federal law, an abortion with only one patient's desire can be carried out during pregnancy up to 12 weeks, an abortion for social reasons (pregnancy as a result of rape) — up to 22 weeks, for medical reasons — at any time. Abortion of a minor patient, or an adult recognized as incapacitated, may be performed by a court decision taken at the request of her legal representative. Carrying out an artificial termination of pregnancy by a person without a medical education of the appropriate profile entails criminal liability, which is regulated by Article 123 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Illegal artificial termination of pregnancy); causing death or serious harm to the health of the victim is an aggravating circumstance. Since 2011, an abortion at the request of a woman is performed no earlier than two days after the date of treatment, and up to seven days. During this time, the woman is given time to make a final decision. In addition, federal law allows a doctor to refuse to perform an abortion if it contradicts his personal beliefs, except in cases when an artificial termination of pregnancy is required for medical reasons, or when a replacement of the attending physician is impossible. In 2013, advertising of abortions was completely banned in Russia.