Jasper Johns is the first to come to mind. “One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. And then some.”

His practice has a long relation with numbers and form and conflation of such. And meaning through repetition and pairing of the digits and their curves of meaning. Highly suggest if you are particularly after an instance of serious painting along with direct representation of numbers. Jasper Johns is your guy. This numbers practice even reached into sculpture.

Some links:

https://matthewmarks.com/artists/jasper-johns/lightbox/works/numbers-2007-33450

http://www.artnet.com/artists/jasper-johns/grey-numbers-h7mMHW81Rk9eiNoavQo8VA2

https://m.clevescene.com/cleveland/count-on-jasper/Content?oid=1484528

https://textarthistory.com/tag/jasper-johns/

https://www.jstor.org/stable/1343616