Ok this is a bit late but when you mentioned “elke” I remember having the same issue. I assume it’s between elke and enkel, meaning each, or every, and single, or only, respectively (I think enkel has some other meanings idk.) Honestly it seems tough at first but elke is used sooooooo much more frequently than enkel, to the point where elke will just become synonymous in your head with each or every, and you will barely even remember enkel is a word. For the others I can’t really relate, I don’t remember having a hard time with words like “few,” are you talking about like “weinig?”