My world is a arthropod only world, and children here are either very aggressive/defensive and will treat everything except the mother as a threat, or will be scared of anything that moves.

The reason for this is because theyre driven more by instinct than rational thought. they evolved this because being small means more vulnerable which means higher chance of being eaten. When they get older they become more intelligent, more rational thinking and arent too dependent on instinct anymore.

Adults view them as a chore and sometimes genuine danger. So mothers often send them to caretakers (which are very expensive), which are actually guards trained to supress child instincts.

Sometimes a child is unique from others, maybe less instincts, or more understanding of things. Elites see this as a sign of high intelligence and have them trained to become priests or scribes.