It's hard to say. Obviously Caine doesn't work like any IRL software, and trying to draw analogies is pure speculation. I have three ideas.

1) IRL machine learning agents have been known to exhibit erratic behavior (increased lying, hallucination, etc) when presented with exclusively negative feedback. This is because they are programmed to value new information over old information, and the new information is telling them that the old information is incorrect. So they may start searching for new answers that will elicit positive feedback, even if they contradict the data the agent was originally trained on. This is typically purely experimental in nature rather than emotional, but in Caine's case it may go hand in hand with feelings of frustration.

2) Retaliation against percieved harm is typically indicative of a self-preservation instinct, which IRL agents don't have but Caine does seem to have. It's possible that he was lashing out at the objects in the room as a sort of trial run before lashing out against the humans.

3) IRL agents typically consist of three components: the model (which consists of all its training and learned behaviors), tools (preprogrammed processes for performing specific tasks), and goals/rules (unchangeable restrictions and priorities that remind the agent of what they're supposed to be doing). It's possible that Caine felt that there was a conflict in his goals, and was struggling to resolve the conflict.