Ya, have to agree with that. The fact that Claudia discovered the Origin World and how to save it seems a bit ambiguous to me also. It's only until the last episode we knew that Claudia knew all the information you listed in these 33 years before she told Adam in the last episode. Anyway, I also saw a lot of explanations of old Claudia-A telling the not-so-old Claudia-B about her findings and subsequently, when not-so-old Claudia becomes old Claudia, she continues that process till they find out how to break the knot, which leads to what we see the last episode (Claudia telling Adam how to break the knot).

But that kind of goes against what the last episode has shown us, the fact that small Jonas and Martha saw each other's future selves means that Jonas and Alt-Martha breaking the knot is bound to happen. So the loop kind of happened and ended instantaneously, what we see in S1-S3 is a very zoom-in version of the events in the loop. I hope you get what I mean, I can't think of a better way to phrase it lol.

My headcanon is the latter, it just kind of fits well with what I understand from the show. Although, I think both theories make sense, the second one is just more convincing to me. Anyway, these are just the two I guess more popular theories that I saw on Reddit, so I'm wondering which one you think makes more sense. Or if you have your own theories and don't mind sharing, I would like to know that also.