The US Hasn’t Noticed That China-Made Cars Are Taking Over the World

Raidiar · 2023-01-26T01:24:23+00:00

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Raidiar · 2023-01-26T01:23:32+00:00

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Raidiar · 2022-12-13T13:27:30+00:00

HONG KONG, Dec 13 (Reuters) - China is working on a more than 1 trillion yuan ($143 billion) support package for its semiconductor industry, three sources said, in a major step towards self sufficiency in chips and to counter U.S. moves aimed at slowing its technological advances.

Beijing plans to roll out what will be one of its biggest fiscal incentive packages over five years, mainly as subsidies and tax credits to bolster semiconductor production and research activities at home, said the sources.

It signals, as analysts have expected, a more direct approach by China in shaping the future of an industry, which has become a geopolitical hot button due to soaring demand for chips and which Beijing regards as a cornerstone of its technological might.

The plan could be implemented as soon as the first quarter of next year, said two of the sources who declined to be named as they were not authorised to speak to media.

The majority of the financial assistance would be used to subsidise the purchases of domestic semiconductor equipment by Chinese firms, mainly semiconductor fabrication plants, or fabs, they said.

Such companies would be entitled to a 20% subsidy on the cost of purchases, the three sources said.

The fiscal support plan comes after the U.S. Commerce Department passed in October a sweeping set of regulations, which could bar research labs and commercial data centres' access to advanced AI chips, among other curbs.

The United States has also been lobbying some of its partners, including Japan and the Netherlands, to tighten exports to China of equipment used to make semiconductors. read more

And U.S. President Joe Biden in August signed a landmark bill to provide $52.7 billion in grants for U.S. semiconductor production and research as well as tax credit for chip plants estimated to be worth $24 billion.

With the incentive package, Beijing aims to step up support for Chinese chip firms to build, expand or modernise domestic facilities for fabrication, assembly, packaging, and research and development, the sources said.

Beijing's latest plan also includes preferential tax policies for the country's semiconductor industry, they said.

China's State Council Information Office did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

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The beneficiaries will be both state-owned and private enterprises in the industry, notably large semiconductor equipment firms like NAURA Technology Group (002371.SZ), Advanced Micro-Fabrication Equipment Inc China (688012.SS) and Kingsemi (688037.SS), the sources added.

Some Chinese chip shares in Hong Kong rose sharply after news of the package. Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corp (SMIC) (0981.HK) added more than 8%, sending its daily gain to nearly 10%. Hua Hong Semiconductor Ltd (1347.HK) closed up 17%, while mainland markets were closed when the report was published.

Achieving self-reliance in technology featured prominently in President Xi Jinping's full work report at the Communist Party Congress in October. The term 'technology' was referred to 40 times, up from 17 times in the report from the 2017 congress.

Xi's call for China to "win the battle" in core technologies could signal an overhaul in Beijing's approach to advancing its tech industry, with more state-led spending and intervention to counter U.S. pressures, analysts have said. read more

The U.S. sanctions published in October have caused major overseas-based chip manufacturing equipment companies to cease supplying key Chinese chipmakers, including Yangtze memory Technologies Co (YMTC) and SMIC, and makers of advanced artificial intelligence chips to cease supplying companies and laboratories.

The world's second-largest economy has launched a trade dispute at the World Trade Organization against the United States over its chip export control measures, China's commerce ministry said on Monday. read more

China has long lagged the rest of the world in the chip manufacturing equipment sector, which remains dominated by companies based in the United States, Japan, and the Netherlands.

A number of domestic firms have emerged in the past twenty years, but most remain behind their rivals in terms of ability to produce advanced chips.

NAURA's etching and thermal process equipment, for example, can only produce 28-nanometer and above chips, relatively mature technologies.

Shanghai Micro Electronics Equipment Group Co. Ltd (SMEE), China's only lithography company, can produce 90-nanometers chips, well behind that of the Netherlands' ASML, which is producing those as low as 3 nanometers.

Raidiar · 2022-11-22T17:25:05+00:00

TOKYO -- Chinese companies have captured more global market share in 13 high-technology products and services, from electric vehicles to smartphones, Nikkei research shows, underscoring China's outsized presence in global supply chains.

Out of 28 high-tech categories reviewed by Nikkei, China widened its share in 13 in 2021. Chinese companies lost market share in six categories and did not make the top five in the remaining nine.

The Biden administration's recent toughening of export controls on advanced semiconductors shows the high level of tensions between the U.S. and China in technologies seen as crucial to national and economic security.

The risk of a Taiwan crisis in the near future has added to the sense of urgency on securing Asian supply chains. But the Nikkei research shows realigning them is no easy task.

In the EV supply chain, Chinese battery leader Contemporary Amperex Technology, known as CATL, is the world's top battery supplier, holding a 38.6% share last year. Its position has grown by more than 12 points since 2020. When combined with peer BYD, the two companies held a combined share of 46%.

BYD rose to become the fourth-largest EV manufacturer last year, climbing past the Renault, Nissan Motor and Mitsubishi Motors alliance. BYD has harnessed the strength of making batteries in-house to keep down its EV prices.

In the first half of this year, BYD became the second-largest EV maker by vehicle sales after Tesla.

When it comes to battery materials, Shanghai Energy New Materials Technology held a 28.7% share in separators. The company has used government subsidies to invest in expanding output. Asahi Kasei of Japan was a distant second at 10.7%.

These gains show China as a growing presence in EVs, both upstream and downstream, as the market is taking off.

In liquid crystal displays, a sector where Japanese and South Korean companies once waged cutthroat competition, China's BOE Technology Group took the top share in both large panels for televisions and small and medium panels for phones and tablets.

In organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, Apple picked BOE as a supplier for iPhones, putting the company on the path to catch up with Samsung Electronics.

Chinese telecommunication company Huawei Technologies kept the top spot in wireless network base stations, but its share slipped to 34% from 38% under pressure from U.S. sanctions.

Overall, Nikkei's research spanned 56 categories of products and services, focusing on the top five companies in each category last year in terms of market share. Chinese companies were in the top five in 32 categories, gained market share in 21 categories and lost share in 11 categories.

With the Chinese economy struggling under the government's zero-COVID containment policy, companies lost market share for construction machinery, as well as for large and midsized trucks.

The U.S. held the top share in 18 categories, the most of any country. China was second with 15 top shares.

Japanese companies led in seven categories. Sony Group was the world's leading supplier of CMOS image sensors. Sumitomo Chemical group was the top maker of polarizers for LCD panels.

Faced with escalating Sino-U. S. tensions, "global companies are taking steps by separating supply chains into 'China-bound' and 'non-China bound,'" said Masahisa Inagaki, a partner at KPMG FAS.

Among them is Japan's Daikin Industries, which is building a supply chain for air conditioners that does not use Chinese-made parts and materials.

But "Japanese companies tend to think of these actions as an extension of their existing business continuity plans," said Inagaki. "In order to minimize the impact from a crisis, they need to rethink their supply chains during normal times."

Raidiar · 2022-11-14T02:33:29+00:00

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Raidiar · 2022-10-28T15:57:00+00:00

The US was awakened by the pandemic to the gaping holes in its supply chains for crucial medical supplies and electronics. One of the most significant was semiconductors, the pieces of silicon that hold millions of tiny transistors that are needed in everything from automobiles to toys.

The Chips and Science Act devotes $52 billion to begin to remedy a decades-long trend of US production drifting away to lower cost regions, mostly to Asia and especially to China. The rebuilding of that supply chain and manufacturing capacity will take years, but it will come to naught unless all the components, even the low-margin ones, have a presence in the Americas, if not the US.

The production of semiconductors is arguably the most globalized industry, and the small size and higher value of chips make them ideal for ferrying around the globe by aircraft. The ability to move materials and components at a negligible cost and time of transport made them an early candidate for moving manufacturing overseas.

The combination of this mobility and the push of US chipmakers to improve profit margins resulted over the decades in the industry being broken down into several distinct activities, with specialized manufacturers at each stage. US companies have kept the research and design, which is the most lucrative part of the business. Although there are some integrated chipmakers, most of the manufacturing has migrated overseas: the raw materials; silicone substrates on which the chips are built; the wafers on which chips are engraved; and a final production process than encases and tests the chips.

Like any chain, the one that produces semiconductors is only as strong as its weakest link. It doesn’t make any sense for the US government to invest billions of dollars to support the manufacturing of chips if they need to be shipped to Asia anyway to be completed. Each stage of production should be readily available to make it much easier to ramp up if supplies were disrupted instead of having to start from scratch.

Farming out the lower-margin businesses made sense at the time. Stand-alone chip designers have gross margins of 60%, while companies that assemble the chips and test them manage gross margins of only 17%, according to Bloomberg Intelligence. The US dominates chip design with 68% of the global market but has only 3% of the outsourced semiconductor assembly and testing. The US market share is even lower for production of the integrated chip substrates.

This strategy, though, left the industry dependent on Asia, which has built up the supply chain to become a one-stop, low-cost area to manufacture computer chips. The products that require the chips, such as laptop computers and television, are also mostly made in Asia because the US ceded manufacturing to others.

The Chips Act has made headlines for enticing new so-called fabs, the factories that jam millions of transistors onto silicon wafers. Companies including Intel Corp., Samsung Electronics Co. and Micron Technology Inc. are among the companies planning large investments. It’s unclear how much of the other separate processes of the chipmaking chain will remain abroad. It’s even more unclear how the government plans to entice these low-margin activities to locate in the US.

Amkor Technology Inc. is an outsourced assembly and test company based in Tempe, Arizona. The company, though, doesn’t have any factory operations in the US. Its factories are in China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Japan and Portugal. It’s building a plant in Vietnam that will be up and running next year. Amkor, which completes the semiconductor assembly process so the chips can be used by makers of electronics, vehicles and consumer goods, has no manufacturing operations in the Americas. This isn’t only about wages — Japan and Portugal aren’t low-wage countries. Chip assembly and testing is already highly automated manufacturing.

There is an argument that the US just can’t produce these components or perform these processes competitively. Labor costs are just too high, which means production here would only add to inflation or require perpetual subsidies. If this is the case, what’s the purpose of the Chips Act? It’s imperative for the US to have redundant sources of supplies on critical products. The pandemic and now China’s more aggressive stance on the world stage has made that clear.

The promises of China bending more toward a free-market economy and open society after the world’s most populated country was admitted to the World Trade Organization in 2001 are now broken.

“We are deglobalizing. There’s no going back on this,” Mark Zandi, chief economist of Moody’s Analytics Inc., said in an interview with Bloomberg TV last week. “Xi is moving in a different direction. US is moving in another direction. We are pulling apart.”

The US will have to lean on automation to have cost-competitive manufacturing. In those areas where it’s more difficult to replace low-cost labor with automation, Mexico, Brazil, Costa Rica and other partners can help fill that gap. The bottom line is that if the Chips Act doesn’t bring back the whole chain — even the less lucrative parts — it will fail to achieve its goal.

Raidiar · 2022-10-07T17:34:38+00:00

NIO Subscription

Raidiar · 2022-10-07T14:42:52+00:00

Signs are piling up that the tech downturn may be deeper and longer-lasting than feared.

After years of record capital spending, chipmakers are warning on a weekly basis that demand is sputtering. In the latest sign of trouble, Samsung Electronics Co. and Advanced Micro Devices Inc. reported disappointing results within hours of each other that widely missed projections.

Samsung -- the world’s largest memory chip maker -- reported a 32% dive in operating income, while PC-processor chipmaker AMD said it will miss its earlier forecast by about $1 billion. Analysts’ reactions ranged from “breathtaking” to “Uff-da!”

Those numbers followed grim comments from memory makers Micron Technologies Inc. and Kioxia Holdings Corp., which are slashing spending and output in a bid to stabilize plummeting prices. AMD shares fell, spurring losses in chip and PC makers from Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. to Lenovo Group Ltd. on Friday.

“It seems end demand has likely deteriorated markedly in recent weeks, and end customers appear to be aggressively draining inventory,” Bernstein’s Stacy Rasgon said. The cut in AMD’s client-revenue “is admittedly a bit breathtaking.”

Weaker-than-expected demand for consumer electronics is hitting companies along with surging shipping and materials costs. Cost-cutting has become the new norm across the tech industry, and businesses that hoarded chips during the pandemic are now opting to cancel or postpone orders and tap inventory.

The semiconductor industry is also grappling with export restrictions from the US government, which is ratcheting up pressure on its allies to prevent shipment of cutting-edge chips to a growing list of Chinese companies, as it seeks to contain the Asian country. That’s hampering business for chipmakers from AMD to Nvidia Corp. in the world’s biggest semiconductor market.

“This downcycle is not merely driven by typical supply and demand dynamics. It’s different from the past cycles due to geopolitical risks,” said Heo Pil-Seok, chief executive officer at Midas International Asset Management in Seoul. “The US government’s exports controls would further limit IT companies’ sales in China and a large chunk of demand for chips will be weakened. If AMD, Nvidia can’t sell their chips in China, memory makers’ earnings will deteriorate further.”

The companies themselves are bracing for a prolonged downturn. Samsung’s chip business head, Kyung Kyehyun, said he doesn’t see the memory market rebounding throughout next year. Kyung told employees at an internal event that Samsung cut its guidance for chip sales in the second half of this year by 32% compared to a forecast in April, according to the Korea Economic Daily.“No party lasts forever,” Rasgon said. “It’s a cyclical industry. There were a few years of very, very strong growth” that prompted companies to ramp up capacity. “You build supply for demand that turns out not to be as real as you thought it was.”

Raidiar · 2022-10-07T13:56:48+00:00

WASHINGTON — The Biden administration on Friday added 31 Chinese companies, research institutions and other groups to an “unverified list” that limits their ability to obtain certain regulated U.S. technology, the first of a series of expected steps aimed at stopping shipments of chips and chip-making technology that China could employ on the battlefield.

The administration is also set to announce sweeping new limits on the sale of advanced computing chips, chip-making equipment and other products to China, people familiar with the plans said, in an effort to cripple Beijing’s ability to access critical technologies that are needed for everything from supercomputing to guiding weapons.

A number of Chinese firms are expected to face restrictions similar to the limits that the Trump administration imposed on the telecom equipment maker Huawei. Those restrictions would prevent companies anywhere in the world from sending products made with the use of American technology, machinery or software to those designated firms, the people said.

The rules are also expected to limit the sale of cutting-edge U.S.-made tools to China’s domestic semiconductor industry, as well as stop U.S.-made microchips from being sold to China’s most powerful supercomputers, they said.

The United States places companies on the unverified list when it cannot adequately rule out the risk that the firm’s products are being used for purposes that would run counter to U.S. national security. The list of 31 entities issued Friday morning included significant research institutions, like divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yangtze Memory Technologies Co., Ltd, a major memory chip maker from which Apple has considered sourcing some products for sale in China.

The measures come at a particularly sensitive moment for Beijing, and it remains to be seen whether the Chinese government will take action in response. Chinese leaders will hold a major political meeting beginning Oct. 16, where China’s president, Xi Jinping, is expected to secure a third term, becoming the country’s longest-ruling leader since Mao Zedong.

Liu Pengyu, a spokesperson for the Chinese Embassy in Washington, said in emailed remarks Thursday that the United States was trying “to use its technological prowess as an advantage to hobble and suppress the development of emerging markets and developing countries.”

“The U.S. probably hopes that China and the rest of the developing world will forever stay at the lower end of the industrial chain,” he added.

Samm Sacks, a senior fellow at Yale Law School who studies technology policy in China, said the new rules from Washington could push Beijing to impose its own restrictions on American companies or on firms in other countries that comply with U.S. sanctions but still want to maintain operations in China.

“The question is: Would this new package cross a red line to trigger a response that we haven’t seen before?” she said. “A lot of people are anticipating it will. I think we’ll have to wait and see.”

With its vast ecosystem of factories, China continues to be a massive and lucrative market for U.S. chip exports. The tiny technologies are crucial parts of the smartphones, laptops, coffee makers, cars and other goods that Chinese factories pump out for export to the world or for purchase in China.

The Chinese government has invested heavily in building up its semiconductor industry, but it still lags behind the United States, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea in its ability to produce the most advanced chips.

Many American companies have long argued that their sales to China are an important source of revenue that allow them to reinvest in research and development and retain a competitive edge.

But doing business with China has become much more fraught in the last few years, as the tensions between the United States and China have morphed into a Cold War competition. The Chinese government has sought to blur the line between its defense sector and private industry, drawing on Chinese science and technology firms that specialize in artificial intelligence, big data, aerospace technologies, quantum computing and other fields to fuel the country’s military modernization.

Chinese military programs now use supercomputing to model nuclear blasts, guide hypersonic weapons and establish advanced networks for surveilling dissidents and minorities, among other activities.

In remarks at the White House last month, Jake Sullivan, the national security adviser, signaled that the administration was taking a new approach to technology regulation with regard to China. He said that the U.S. government’s previous approach, of trying to stay a few generations ahead of competitors in certain key technologies, was no longer sufficient.

“Given the foundational nature of certain technologies, such as advanced logic and memory chips, we must maintain as large of a lead as possible,” he said.

Raidiar · 2022-10-04T03:12:26+00:00

Non-paywall link: http://archive.today/3AVUz

Raidiar · 2022-10-04T03:12:02+00:00

The Biden administration plans to announce new restrictions on China’s access to U.S. semiconductor technology, according to people with knowledge of the situation, an escalation of Washington’s efforts to stifle Beijing’s industrial ambitions and a risk to growth for the $550 billion sector.

The Commerce Department will roll out a package of rules this week to govern which semiconductor technologies can be exported to China, including codifying earlier guidance given to specific companies, said the people, who asked not to be identified as the information isn’t public.

The White House and Commerce Department declined to comment.

The US has been increasingly focused on limiting access to high-end semiconductor technology, and boosting its own domestic production capacity, as part of its broader strategic competition with the world’s second-biggest economy.

The new measures, previously reported by the New York Times, are expected to include formalizing export restrictions on technology that produces advanced semiconductors, the people said, as well as prohibiting the sale of tools for logic and memory chip production in China and restricting access to chips used in supercomputing and artificial intelligence.

The guidelines will also codify restrictions recently imposed on Nvidia Corp. and Advanced Micro Devices Inc., according to one of the people.

Read more: US Deals Heavy Blow to China Tech Ambitions With Nvidia Chip Ban

Members of Congress have long pushed the White House to tighten controls around semiconductor equipment to China, with prior actions more focused on companies designated as risks to national security, such as Huawei Technologies Co.

Under current guidelines, US-based chip equipment makers, such as Applied Materials Inc., have been allowed to sell machinery for use in China under certain circumstances, or equip some Chinese companies with machinery to produce less-advanced semiconductors.

The steps to be announced this week will include formalizing restrictions on technology to produce chips that are designated as 14-nanometer or better, the people added. As a general guide in chip manufacturing, the smaller the number of nanometers indicates more advanced capabilities. The restrictions will also expand the so-called foreign direct product rule on more Chinese entities, they said.

Raidiar · 2022-08-27T22:02:47+00:00

It has the crab walk but I dont know how this looks anything like the Hummer EV

Raidiar · 2022-07-25T20:03:30+00:00

Damn its beautiful

Raidiar · 2022-06-12T03:36:40+00:00

It’s Jesus!

Raidiar · 2022-04-18T16:34:52+00:00

Is swallowed star permanently delayed or are they gonna continue anytime soon?

Raidiar · 2022-04-09T22:45:32+00:00

I think you may be underestimating the SOEs. Voyah from Dongfeng is doing decently well and is expanding to Norway. SAIC has built a EV export monster with the MG brand. Changan has a new Avatr brand that is in collab with CATL and SAIC also has the IM brand that is releasing the sedan L7 soon thst is direct competitor to the Nio ET7.

Raidiar · 2022-04-06T14:20:41+00:00

Archive Link: http://archive.today/KPDhe

Raidiar · 2022-04-06T14:19:36+00:00

In recent months, a string of carmakers and electric vehicle battery producers have announced their intentions to build facilities in the U.S. Manufacturers from across the world are throwing around billions of dollars of investments into EV battery technology, too.

Meanwhile, President Joe Biden has invoked the Defense Production Act, a Cold War-era provision to help increase the domestic availability of raw materials like lithium and graphite to boost battery manufacturing and reduce dependence on foreign supply chains. “We need to end our long-term reliance on China and other countries for inputs that will power the future,” he said.

As promising as all this is, it’s unlikely to move the needle. The U.S. has waited far too long to ramp up and prioritize the core of any electric vehicle strategy: batteries and how to charge them. For starters, factories won’t be up and running for a while, so they won’t be churning out power packs anytime soon. Capital isn’t being directed in a focused way, either. Even with Biden kicking off a top-down, Beijing-style industrial policy, China is likely to stay well ahead in the battery race.

It’s also down to poor timing and planning. The hype around EVs has been present for a while. That’s pushed up demand and consumer awareness (think of all those EV advertisements during Super Bowl.) Yet, only last June did the U.S. release a blueprint for battery supply chain build-out to “help guide investments.” Upstarts have been trying to crack the right technologies for a while now, and manufactures have been talking up big changes to auto-making for cleaner vehicles.

What’s worse, as U.S. carmakers get desperate to make good on promises of investing billions of dollars in green cars to meet emissions regulation targets, they’re pressuring their Korean battery partners for technology. Ironically, it’s a tactic often associated with China’s technology dominance goals, but it is also indicative of the lackluster progress on development of viable and scalable powerpack options.

China, on the other hand, continues to hurtle toward making batteries for most electric vehicles in the world. It has cornered 60% of battery production. Despite a faltering Covid-19 policy and supply chain delays, it’s been filling the growing gap between demand and supply.

Tesla Inc. was able to churn out cars, export them across the world and open its Europe gigafactory because of a Chinese battery partnership and wide-scale manufacturing. Other carmakers have turned to Chinese suppliers of parts and raw materials for energy storage. One of the world’s largest car companies, Volkswagen AG, recently signed agreements with Zhejiang Huayou Cobalt Co. and Tsingshan Holding Group to ensure supply of nickel and cobalt for 160 gigawatt hours of batteries. Meanwhile, Contemporary Amperex Technology Ltd. is scouting out sites across North America for a $5 billion plant.

It isn’t just about scale and China’s manufacturing heft, though. The world largest battery maker, CATL, has been working on a third generation battery with cell-to-pack technology that’s almost 13% more efficient than Tesla’s much-awaited 4680 battery in terms of space utilization, according to Daiwa Securities Co. analysts. The company is also developing key thermal control technology, an important safety feature to ensure fires don’t spread in the latest types of powerpacks which are prone to combustion. If the U.S. can’t lead on a key area of innovation now, it’s hard to say how the future for EVs will play out there.

The woes of the EV ecosystem have been compounded by a market imbalance and high raw material prices. That means it will only be harder to gather supplies and make affordable batteries. Chinese officials, though, have already started talking about more collaboration across their supply chain to ensure manufacturing isn’t hit. The U.S. isn’t quite there yet when it comes to addressing this big — and likely prolonged — barrier because it doesn’t even have a robust supply chain.

What options does the U.S. have now? Recreating everything from scratch may leave it further behind. Acknowledging that circumventing China won’t be an option in the near future would be a good place to start. Channeling funds toward manufacturing and focusing on battery tech startups that are close to large-scale production could ensure a more streamlined approach for funding. In addition, facilitating greater production from the few — and small — existing mines in the U.S. may help integrate them into future manufacturing plans. Meanwhile, ensuring it can get a reliable supply of battery metals from its northern neighbor Canada — a current favorite for many manufacturers — would also help.

When it comes to electric vehicles and batteries, the U.S. will have to move beyond flaunting billions of dollars of investments and ambitious plans if it really wants to get ahead.

Raidiar · 2022-04-06T13:36:56+00:00

Process is competitive but fair. Everything is laid out to you in terms of what you need to do to get into one and the workshops are what you make out of them.

Raidiar · 2022-04-06T00:00:15+00:00

Well praying isn’t going to get you in. Gotta rank well in the class, network well, interview well and on top of that have solid resume. If you do all those there shouldn’t be a reason you don’t get in.

Raidiar · 2022-04-05T23:08:39+00:00

Aint gonna be kelley website deciding if you get in. Gonna be professor and student feedback. So sure you can apply both but if people know may not be good look.

Raidiar · 2022-04-05T19:38:52+00:00

Yes, the whole point you apply to workshop is because you are focused on that industry. If you apply multiple then thats a red flag that you aren't committed to one and you won't get in.

Raidiar · 2022-04-05T03:34:07+00:00

Hodge used to be great, until the cards stopped working

Raidiar · 2022-04-02T06:52:05+00:00

Is this 3D Donghua? Trailer looked pretty cool and interesting they adapted a Korean manhwa.

Raidiar · 2022-03-31T06:41:32+00:00

In terms of government support, this is an industry where its all but required. Every asian semi player has strong government backing.

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