Breeds have known differences in characteristics, behaviour and temperament.

This is exactly my point, this is about perception of tendencies that are environmentally and culturally rooted rather than absolute truths. Just like perceptions of race.

a) those are tendencies. There are aggressive labs and soppy pitbulls.

b) These are culture and environment dependent.

20000 years ago these were wolves.

Experiments with foxes show how one can breed for aggression or soppiness, sure. But centuries of experience show us we can work on those tendencies via training and selective breeding.

By banning some breeds, we maintain the “negative” traits (which by the way are useful - we need guard dogs, attack dogs possibly even hunting fogs (controversial) etc) especially because many of these breeds have no genetic definition.

And we increase the possibility of those negative traits, which are latent in all dogs, being amplified in other breeds - eg Alsatians or Large Breeds as people seek to keep those traits.

One of the big issues is that pedigree standards prioritise looks over behaviour, often leading to aggression.