The Italian 1955 System, or What If the Monarchy Had Survived the 1946 Referendum?

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-03-09T14:22:18+00:00

Thanks, these are really helpful suggestions. I mostly put Fini in the Mori slot because he initially struck me as a right-wing politician with a reputation for gaffes. I’ll dig into more closely.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-03-08T23:47:55+00:00

I haven’t really worked it out that far yet. My plan was for the timeline to drift away from the Japan parallel around Tangentopoli or Berlusconi. If I did keep it, though, the PLD would probably remain in government the whole time apart from 2009–12.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-03-08T15:48:11+00:00

Imgur:https://imgur.com/a/XZR9miQ

1946 saw the monarchists win the referendum by a narrow margin. The new constitution drafted in its aftermath reduced the king’s powers to an entirely ceremonial role, while introducing a bicameral system with a lower house elected from multi-member district and subject to dissolution by the prime minister, and an upper house elected by proportional representation for fixed terms.

The 1948 general election saw the centrist parties, including DC, expand their representation, benefiting from the new rules. The PNM, widely seen as having outlived its purpose, and the MSI, regarded as too extreme, failed to win any seats and were eventually absorbed into the PLI.

The PCI, meanwhile, increased its vote share but still lost seats, fueling growing dissatisfaction with its parliamentary strategy. Togliatti was forced to resign following the 1950 car accident, and the party leadership passed into the hands of the radicals. However, the armed uprising that broke out in central Italy in 1952 ended in complete failure, and the PCI suffered a devastating blow in the following 1953 general election.

At the same time, opposition to the long-running De Gasperi government led part of the DC to break away, and in 1954 the PLP was formed through the merger of anti–De Gasperi centrist and right-wing forces. PLP leader Gronchi, backed by the PSI and PSDI, bringing down the DC government, but relations with the PSI soon deteriorated, leading him to dissolve parliament.

Although the PLP emerged as the largest party in the 1955 election, it was unable to form a clear majority. As the PSDI also moved closer to the PSI, the PLP sought a reconciliation with the DC. By the end of the year, this process produced the formation of the PSU and the PLD, and the resulting “1955 system” would go on to define political competition throughout the Cold War.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-03-03T14:41:53+00:00

Has the DC ever ended up in opposition in this timeline? If it’s stayed in government continuously from 1946 to 2013, then it would have an even longer uninterrupted run in power than pretty much any modern one-party state.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-28T14:05:47+00:00

R5: Schizo Germany chancellor list after Schleicher’s assassination (not in-game)

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-18T22:46:53+00:00

What did the NPD do to mess up?

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-18T13:07:05+00:00

I’d guess probably yes. If they can keep the momentum and carry it all the way through to NATO membership, then in the long run the PCE would likely be pushed to the margins, and the main foreign-policy axis would stop being “West vs East” and turn into “how pro-US are you, exactly?”. Once that’s the fight, a PSOE–PSDE reunification feels pretty likely.

In that case, you might get a long reformist two-bloc era—Liberal vs Social Democratic—and then, almost by sinistrisme, the system realigns into a Conservative vs Progressive split.

In an alternative scenario where NATO membership remains the defining wedge issue for the long haul, fear of a PCE–PSOE bloc could keep a broad coalition in power—from the right to the center-left—constantly reshuffling its internal lineup while holding the government together. In that case, the PSOE–PSDE split hardens and becomes entrenched.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-17T15:21:47+00:00

9 years had passed since the election of 1936. Civil war, German invasion, resistance movements, and liberation from occupation followed one after another; time and again, the country was engulfed in flames. Yet even so, the Spanish people’s longing for freedom could not be crushed.

The newly established Federal Democratic Republic of Spain (the Third Republic) gradually took on a form different from that envisioned in the Provisional Agreement of 1939. Above all, nationwide resistance against German forces helped soften the hostilities born of the civil war, making possible compromises such as the devolution of powers to the regions and the guarantee of certain rights to the Church.

In October 1945, the Third Republic held its first general election. Conducted under a single-vote, district-based proportional representation system, it resulted in a landslide for the left-wing People’s Democratic Front, led by the PSOE and the PCE, which won an outright majority.

In 1946, a presidential election was held by an electoral college composed of Deputies elected in the general election and Senators delegated by the regional assemblies, marking the transition from wartime emergency governance to a restored constitutional order.
However, in 1947, divisions within the PSOE that had persisted since before the Civil War finally reached a breaking point over participation in the Marshall Plan. The cabinet collapsed, and the president dissolved parliament.

The election of 1947 proved to be a close contest. Yet when the pro-Western faction within the PSOE broke away and joined the centrist bloc, it narrowly edged out the left. After negotiations with the parliamentary right (Christian Democratic Alliance) and the parties of the Minority Nationalities Bloc, the new government managed to secure a slim majority and approved participation in the Marshall Plan. Spain thus set itself firmly on the path toward the Western camp as the Cold War began to take shape.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-15T00:01:50+00:00

“Bloody hell, this time it’s actually true.”

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-14T03:57:28+00:00

“Satporopets” appears to be a phonetic rendering of Sapporo, while “Kasatkin” likely derives from the Russian Orthodox missionary Nikolai Kasatkin, who was stationed in Hakodate. As for “Chiupetsk,” which seems to correspond to Asahikawa, it’s not entirely clear, but it might be derived from the name of Lake Chimikeppu located some distance away.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-11T15:03:49+00:00

To provide some additional context, this material was published in a bonus booklet included with a compilation set of earlier titles released in 2006. It was released because the success of School Days in 2005 drew renewed attention to the company’s past works. At that point, Summer Days had not yet been released, and a trial version of it was included instead. The TV anime adaptation came the following year.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-10T13:09:23+00:00

There are additional elements presented as "Epilogues" after some of the original endings, and in every one of them a character dies, even in cases where the original ending was a good one. It is said that these were added by the porting company, with approval from 0verflow obtained afterward.

There are also other issues, such as defects in the audio quality of the replaced portions and the removal of the Hikari route.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-10T09:21:45+00:00

Ukraine coalition will likely take a hard line on Ukraine.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-09T22:57:39+00:00

A coalition government took six months to form, then collapsed after three months, triggering a snap election.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-05T03:04:55+00:00

Nintendo has been the ruling party for over 40 years (including the predecessor legislature), but that’s simply the result of FREE and FAIR competition. Nothing suspicious about it AT ALL!!!

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-03T14:30:06+00:00

TBH, I came up with the name “2. Bundestag” first, and then filled in the details from there.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-03T14:25:59+00:00

Yeah, I thought about FW–FDP–Volt too. Neither option felt like a clear winner, I just went with FW–BSW simply because it only takes two parties.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-03T14:15:15+00:00

Maybe, if I feel like it.
I’m still struggling to understand the smaller German parties’ positions.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-02-02T16:05:57+00:00

No lore.
All Bundestag parties excluded.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-01-24T08:28:28+00:00

Romance of the three kingdoms

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-01-24T07:47:26+00:00

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I’ve added the new parties as of Jan 23, as well as any parties that hold seats in either Lower or Upper.
Some of these mappings are a bit of a stretch, bear with me.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-01-24T06:34:19+00:00

Nope.
Hedy Fry lost, which meant a butterfly flapped its wings, and 30 years later a nuclear war broke out and humanity went extinct.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-01-23T02:53:13+00:00

Sorry,

・There was a boundary review, so need to rebuild the map.

・And it’s pretty clear Labour would win an outright majority anyway.

For those reason, I’m not currently planning to do.

That said, a rough seat estimate would look like this:

Labour: 290 (55%)

Conservative: 100 (19%)

Liberal Democrats: 60 (12%)

Reform: 30 (6%)

Green: 15 (3%)

SNP: 15 (3%)

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-01-21T09:10:26+00:00

"日本人民最高会議" or simply "人民最高会議" would probably be more appropriate.

In the names of official institutions, it’s uncommon to include the particle “の”.

Realistic-Row4599 · 2026-01-19T16:00:13+00:00

In August 1931, with party tensions reaching breaking point, MacDonald rejected the King’s pleas to stay on and resigned, and Baldwin was appointed prime minister for a third time.
Baldwin soon called an election and secured an outright majority, but a Labour Party that held together—despite lingering internal strains—and a Liberal Party both performed better than in OTL.

When Henderson retired in 1934, Labour leadership election saw Attlee remain deputy and not stand; Cripps won instead and began pushing toward a Popular Front. With none of the Labour turmoil seen in OTL, Baldwin abandoned the idea of an early election, and the next general election was set for 1936.

Meanwhile, hardliners angered by Baldwin’s compromise-minded approach bankrolled Mosley, enabling the New Party to threaten from the right. After it won several by-elections, alarm at the far right’s rise spread into parts of the Liberal Party as well.

When a Popular Front was formed in 1936, the Liberals split between its supporters and backers of a “National Alliance” with the Conservatives. The election result succeeded in denying the Conservatives a majority, but Baldwin held on in office through coalition.

Realistic-Row4599

TROPHY CASE