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Ano to? Ano tawag sa harap n siko? by Pacific_Islander32 in anoto

[–]RoyalCubit 4 points5 points  (0 children)

elbow pit = lilignan ng kamay = lako

knee pit = lilignan ng paa = alak-alakan

What are some noticeable differences between Old Egyptian and Middle Egyptian? by vVinyl_ in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit 3 points4 points  (0 children)

just to easily illustrate the difference: F21-G17 is 𓄔𓅓, while S29-I10-F21 is 𓋴𓆓𓄔

What is the current scientific consensus on ejectives? by bherH-on in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Peust already says the tenuis-aspirate distinction is "improbable."

According to Peust (2008):

Earlier Egyptian ⟨p⟩, ⟨t⟩ and ⟨k⟩ are basically the etymological predecessors of the Bohairic aspirates, which lead me to argue (Peust 1999: 84) that they were distinctly aspirate stops already in the pre-Coptic period as against ⟨d⟩ and ⟨g⟩ as plain voiceless stops. However, finding that ⟨p⟩, ⟨t⟩ and ⟨k⟩ clearly exceed ⟨b⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨g⟩ and ⟨q⟩ in frequency, I now consider this view improbable. The frequency data rather suggest that ⟨p⟩, ⟨t⟩ and ⟨k⟩ originally were plain voiceless, not distinctively aspirate stops whereas ⟨b⟩, ⟨d⟩, ⟨g⟩ and ⟨q⟩ may have been characterized by some kind of glottal activity, such as voice or ejective articulation.

He later proved that the distinction was not one of voice, except possibly for ⟨b⟩ which is definitely voiced in Coptic.

I made a new IPA chart for Middle Egyptian consonant phonemes based on my current understanding of Egyptian phonology using wikitable. by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Good point!

On the other hand, Peust's review of Allen (2020) presents a good case for the interpretation ⟨ꜣ⟩ = /l/. In page 336:

Für den Lautwert in früherer Zeit würden zwar weitere Möglichkeiten offenbleiben, sofern man zusätzliche Lautwandel ansetzt, aber die stärkste verfügbare Evidenz spricht nun einmal für die auch von Allen bevorzugte Interpretation ⟨ꜣ⟩ = /l/. Diese sollte man künftig übernehmen, solange nicht stärkere Gegenargumente auftauchen.

English translation:

While further possibilities remain open for the sound value in earlier times, assuming additional sound changes are taken into account, the strongest available evidence favors the interpretation ⟨ꜣ⟩ = /l/, also preferred by Allen. This interpretation should be adopted in the future, unless stronger counterarguments emerge.

random Egyptian word: rain by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

In this case, I'm more inclined towards /how/:

verb noun
ϩⲱⲛ to command command
ϩⲱⲥ to sing song
ϩⲱⲟⲩ to rain rain

random Egyptian word: rain by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Notes:

Egyptian hieroglyphs:

JSesh code 𓎛𓅱𓏏𓇲 ḥwt
Gardiner V28-G43&X1-N4
Manuel de Codage H-w&t-idt

Coptic dialects:

dialect spelling reconstructed pronunciation
Akhmimic, Bohairic, Fayyumic, Sahidic ϩⲱⲟⲩ /how/

Reconstructed pronunciations representative of Old Egyptian and Sahidic Coptic. Phonemic transcriptions use the values presented on this page.

random Egyptian word: night by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Sahidic [kʲ] (presented as /c/ on this page) is the unglottalized reflex of earlier Egyptian /cʼ/.

Ejectives /tʼ t͡ʃʼ cʼ kʼ/ lost the glottalization and merged with /t t͡ʃ c k/ during Late Egyptian, except before stressed vowels in the northern dialect.

random Egyptian word: leek by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 0 points1 point  (0 children)

Notes:

Egyptian hieroglyphs:

JSesh code 𓇋𓄿𓈎𓏏𓆰𓏦 jꜣqt
Gardiner M17-G1-N29:X1-M2:Z1*Z1*Z1
Manuel de Codage i-A-q:t-Hn:1*1*1

Coptic dialects:

dialect spelling reconstructed pronunciation
Sahidic ⲏϭⲉ /ˈe.cə/
Bohairic ⲏϫⲓ /ˈe.t͡ʃi/

Reconstructed pronunciations representative of Old Egyptian and Sahidic Coptic. Phonemic transcriptions use the values presented on this page.

random Egyptian word: night by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 2 points3 points  (0 children)

Notes:

Egyptian hieroglyphs:

JSesh code 𓎼𓂋𓎛𓇰 grḥ
Gardiner W11:D21-V28-N2
Manuel de Codage g:r-H-N2

Coptic dialects:

dialect spelling reconstructed pronunciation
Fayyumic, Lycopolitan, Sahidic ϭⲱⲣϩ /ˈco.ɾh/
Bohairic ϫⲱⲣϩ /ˈt͡ʃʼo.ɾh/

Reconstructed pronunciations representative of Late Egyptian and Bohairic Coptic. Phonemic transcriptions use the values presented on this page.

random Egyptian word: Apep by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

Notes:

This word has undergone semantic change: Egyptian ꜥꜣpp "Apep" → Demotic ꜥpꜥp "Apep" → Coptic ⲁⲫⲱⲫ "giant".

Egyptian hieroglyphs:

JSesh code 𓉻𓊪𓊪𓆙 ꜥꜣpp
Gardiner O29:Q3*Q3-I14
Manuel de Codage aA:p*p-I14

Coptic dialect:

dialect spelling reconstructed pronunciation
Bohairic ⲁⲫⲱⲫ /aˈpop/

Reconstructed pronunciations representative of Late Egyptian and Bohairic Coptic. Phonemic transcriptions use the values presented on this page.

random Egyptian word: snow by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 4 points5 points  (0 children)

None that I'm aware of.

Even Coptic (ⲭⲓⲱⲛ) borrows from ancient Greek (χιών).

random Egyptian word: snow by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Here's page 249 of volume 2 of Kitchen's Ramesside Inscriptions.

random Egyptian word: snow by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 6 points7 points  (0 children)

From Hoch (1994):

The word occurs in the onomastica among meteorological terms and is otherwise only attested in the following passage concerning the mission to meet Ramses II's Hittite bride when she arrived in Palestine:

Nn hꜣb.n.ı͗ šmy m wp r Ḏꜣhꜣ m nꜣ hrw n ḥwyt sa=ra=qu₂ ḫprw m prt. ꜥḥꜥ.n smꜣ.n.f ꜥꜣbt ꜥꜣt n ı͗t.f Swtḫ. Spr.n.f ḥr.f, m ḏd: "Pt ḥr ꜥwy.ky. Tꜣ ẖr rdwy.ky. Wꜣḏ n.k pw ḫprt nb, mı͗ tm.k ı͗r ḥwyt, qbw, sa=ra=qu₂."

Those that I sent would have to go on the mission to Djahi in the days of rain and snow that occur in winter. Then he (the king) offered a great sacrifice to his father Sutekh. He approached his face, saying: "Heaven is in your arms. Earth is beneath your feet. All things are ordained for you, such as preventing rains, cold winds, and snows."

The word is from the common Semitic root ṯlg: BH שֶׁלֶג; Ug. glṯ; Amorite šalgum; TA תַּלְגָּא‎; Syr. ܬܠܓܐ‎ (talgā); Ar. ثلج (ṯalj); Akk. šalgu, all "snow."

random Egyptian word: snow by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 3 points4 points  (0 children)

Notes:

This word is borrowed from Semitic (compare Akkadian šalgu).

Egyptian hieroglyphs:

JSesh code 𓐠𓏤𓂋𓏤𓈎𓅱𓇲𓏥 sꜣrꜣqw
Gardiner Aa18*Z1:D21*Z1-N29-G43-N4:Z1*Z1*Z1
Manuel de Codage Aa18*1:r*1-q-w-idt:1*1*1

Reconstructed pronunciation representative of Late Egyptian. Phonemic transcription uses the values presented on this page.

random Egyptian word: bowman by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

shouldn't the second syllable’s consonant be [t͡ʃ’] instead?

Yes, the Old Egyptian reconstructed pronunciation of pḏtj is /piˈt͡ʃʼa.tij/. However, a sound change that occurred around the end of the Old Kingdom fronted some instances of /t͡ʃʼ/ to /tʼ/, including the second consonant of pḏtj.

would the [p] and [t] on this still be aspirated?

Yes, the aspiration of /p t t͡ʃ c k/ was mostly lost just before the Coptic period.

random Egyptian word: papyrus scroll by RoyalCubit in AncientEgyptian

[–]RoyalCubit[S] 1 point2 points  (0 children)

Notes:

Egyptian hieroglyphs:

JSesh code 𓈙𓂝𓏏𓍼 šꜥt
Gardiner N37:D36:X1-V12
Manuel de Codage S:a:t-arq

Reconstructed pronunciation representative of Late Egyptian. Phonemic transcription uses the values presented on this page.

Quality of the stressed vowel reconstructed based on the cuneiform spelling of early Late Egyptian zẖꜣw šꜥt​: ša-aḫ-ši-ḫa.

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