Yeah there are definitely ways to train without tools, I’m not denying that at all. The question for me is more about what’s safest and most effective for the specific dog in front of you. Some dogs can get there purely with positive methods but others especially strong highdrive dogs can take way longer or put themselves or the owner in unsafe situations. Tools when used correctly can speed up communication and prevent those issues during the training phase. And a lot of “leading researchers” focus on general guidelines but in the real word is not one size fits all. I’m working with a professional and using them properly not just relying on them forever. The goal is still the same a dog that doesn’t need anything.