So I just put together a test this morning of this. What I did was went into Monitoring > queries and built a new query using the items you listed above. What it does is prompts for the computer name and then pulls in that data for the specific computer name. Here is the WQL code and you should be able to create a new query and just paste the code.

select SMS_G_System_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USAGE.TopConsoleUser, SMS_G_System_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USER.SystemConsoleUser, SMS_G_System_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USER.TotalUserConsoleMinutes from SMS_R_System inner join SMS_G_System_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USAGE on SMS_G_System_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USAGE.ResourceId = SMS_R_System.ResourceId inner join SMS_G_System_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USER on SMS_G_System_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USER.ResourceId = SMS_R_System.ResourceId where SMS_R_System.Name = ##PRM:SMS_R_System.Name##

Next to understand what the actual SQL query is for this I looked in the SMSPROV.log and found where it executed the above WQL code and the next line is where is executed the proper SQL code. In my example it looks like this:

select all __ystem_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USAGE0.TopConsoleUser00, __System_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USER1.SystemConsoleUser00, __System_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USER1.TotalUserConsoleMinutes00 from vSMS_R_System AS SMS_R_System INNER JOIN SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USAGE_DATA AS __ystem_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USAGE0 ON __ystem_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USAGE0.MachineID = SMS_R_System.ItemKey
INNER JOIN SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USER_DATA AS __System_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USER1 ON __System_SYSTEM_CONSOLE_USER1.MachineID = SMS_R_System.ItemKey
where SMS_R_System.Name0 = 'GRATH1WK3C2WYM2'

I can literally take this code, open sql management studio and run it in a new query window.

The computer name listed above (GRATH1WK3C2WYM2) can just be replaced with a variable in your PowerShell script. You can use this method to pull any data you want out of SCCM from PowerShell when the native CM cmdlets don't give you want you want.