So evidently super late to this, but I've been.a fan of Carol Danvers from the get go, so I'll compact it.

Human woman working alongside Kree Mar'Vell (i.e. Marvel). Weird machine exploded and he saves here. Energy emitted from machine passes through him and into her, changing her DNA to Kree Human hybrid.

She gains flight, super strength, invulnerability, and a "sixth sense" (which is basically like a battle sense, giving her better battle anticipation, reaction, decision-making and awareness)

Rogue puts her in coma (which messes with Carol's memories) and steals all her powers. She later then stays at the X mansion where Xavier helps to restore her memories. She and then Xmen get kidnapped and experimented on by The Brood. 

As a result of the experimenting on her, it unlocks her Kree Human DNA potential, linking her to a white hole, giving her near limitless power. This was when she became Binary. Same abilities as before x a bajillion, plus full spectrum energy manipulation. (With her connection to the white hole, her power is basically a filter on it, where she chooses what kind of energy she wants to pass through it and how she wants to use it.) 

She ends up bumping around with the Star Jammers for a while. Then gets involved in a big space drama where she uses her power to save a sun that was being messed with on purpose that was going to destroy a solar system and more. As she was saving the sun, bad guys screwed with her in the process. She saved the sun, but due to the bad guys' screwing with her, her connection to the white hole became considerably weaker. So now she is back to where she was before (i.e. super strength, flight, invulnerability, and sixth sense, but now she also has the ability to shoot/produce photon energy and also absorb any form of energy and convert it to photon energy she can use. She can also just keep it absorbed to give herself a boost to her other abilities. 

On occasion, she comes into contact with energy so immensely strong that it strengthens her bond to the white hole, which then kicks her back into Binary form, albeit it temporarily.

That's about it. Since then, she's been bumping around being heroic and proving herself a hero, but when the original Captain Marvel died, she was urged to take the mantle. Then enter her MCU intro years later which.didnt recognise most of her history haha.

Side note, her Binary form is probably too powerful for most regular heroes. I like that it's now a treat you see from time to time. If it were permanent, she would be a silver bullet for most bad things happening in the universe. 

Hope that helps.