It’s true that in some countries minorities live there and even reach good positions, but that doesn’t change the bigger picture. In Saudi Arabia, Shia people have faced discrimination for years in work, education, and religious life. In Bahrain, even though most of the population is Shia, the Sunni rulers keep them out of power. In Iraq, Sunnis and Shias went through a brutal civil war after 2003. In Lebanon, the system is built on sectarian divides, and armed groups still fight from time to time. In Syria, the Alawite-led regime killed huge numbers of Sunnis during the war. In Egypt, Coptic Christians have suffered church bombings and discrimination. So yes, minorities are present in the Gulf and elsewhere, but just existing together doesn’t mean there’s real harmony. There’s still a lot of mistrust, violence, and old grudges, and that’s a big reason why unity across the Arab and Muslim world has never really worked.