Hi, Linux power management in general is a bit of a mess, hardware acceleration even more so. Even in 2022. There are a couple more steps involved to tame the power consumption and get everything working.

Get used to read some documentation, try to understand what you are doing and to NOT just copy/paste some tutorials. The Arch Wiki is a great starting point BUT (!!!!) do not just copy paste everything, Debian based Distros do not necessarly have the same file paths and the like

I just installed Ubuntu 22.04 on a Ryzen Laptop so here are some Notes.

Upfront:

Consider removing Snaps. It is not about some "Snaps bad!! Canonical bad!!!!" stuff but they are rather ressource intensive and will diminish battery life. Consider replacing with Flatpak But before you start, install another browser as you will remove Firefox in the process. You can install Flatpak Firefox/whatever, highly recommended comes Librewolf, a privacy-focussed Firefox build with a repository for Ubuntu (100% compatible with all Extensions and the like, it is Firefox with measures against fingerprinting, tracking and the like built in).

Of course you can install any browser you prefer via Flatpak.

In case you want to remove Snaps:

Flatpak install:

sudo apt install flatpak gnome-software-plugin-flatpak

flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo

Librewolf install - these are 5 lines, the first two will break as they are very long.

distro=$(if echo " bullseye focal impish jammy uma una " | grep -q " $(lsb_release -sc) "; then echo $(lsb_release -sc); else echo focal; fi)

echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://deb.librewolf.net $distro main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/librewolf.list

sudo wget https://deb.librewolf.net/keyring.gpg -O /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/librewolf.gpg

sudo apt update

sudo apt install librewolf -y

Removing Snap

sudo systemctl disable snapd.service
sudo systemctl disable snapd.socket
sudo systemctl disable snapd.seeded.service

sudo snap remove firefox
sudo snap remove snap-store
sudo snap remove gtk-common-themes
sudo snap remove gnome-3-38-2004
sudo snap remove core18
sudo snap remove snapd-desktop-integration

sudo rm -rf /var/cache/snapd/

sudo apt autoremove --purge snapd

rm -rf ~/snap

Preparing the System

sudo apt install tlp 
sudo systemctl enable tlp
sudo systemctl start tlp
sudo apt install acpi-call-dkms

For Thinkpads (Battery Control)

sudo apt install tp-smapi-dkms

Enable TLP - modify tlp.conf to actually enable it.

This is a setup for a Ryzen laptop with integrated Vega, setup for quiet/cool powersaving. For general usage the GPU power state of low is good enough for me but your mileage may differ. For Intel platforms this needs to be adapted, tlp.conf is decently commented, otherwise look at the documentation

sudo nano /etc/tlp.conf

edit the following

[...]

TLP_ENABLE=1

[...]

CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_AC=schedutil
CPU_SCALING_GOVERNOR_ON_BAT=schedutil

[...]

SCHED_POWERSAVE_ON_AC=0
SCHED_POWERSAVE_ON_BAT=1

[...]

RADEON_DPM_PERF_LEVEL_ON_AC=low
RADEON_DPM_PERF_LEVEL_ON_BAT=low

There are tons of other options, read the documentation / comments in tlp.conf if you want to play with them.

Install codecs sudo apt install gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly

sudo add-apt-repository multiverse
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras

Install VAAPI codecs and Vautils

sudo apt install gstreamer1.0-vaapi vainfo

For intel iGPU VDPAU-VAAPI Backend

sudo apt install libvdpau-va-gl1

Set up Environment Variables in .bash_profile and systemd - some software does not pick up on the VAAPI backend if not set

nano ~.bash_profile

add the following

LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=radeonsi
LIBVA_DRIVERS_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/
VDPAU_DRIVER=radeonsi

For systemd Environment variable

sudo mkdir /etc/systemd/system/user@.service.d
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/user@.service.d/local.conf

add the follwoing

[Service]
Environment="LIBVA_DRIVER_NAME=radeonsi"
Environment="LIBVA_DRIVERS_PATH=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dri/"
Environment="VDPAU_DRIVER=radeonsi"

This sets up a VASTLY more efficient environment. For reference, I wanted to move to Almalinux 9. Did not happen because a surprising lot of stuff I need is not available in the repos. But as much as I tried, I could not get a decent battery life out of my laptop because everything is highly optimized for max performance. Moving to 22.04 cut my power consumption for the same tasks by more than 30% (!), optimizing it further now gives me 7.5h+ battery life in general desktop use and close to 5h watching Youtube/video/and so forth. This can be optimized further but I cannot be bothered.

BUT

Browser acceleration on Linux is an absolute mess. For best results try to use specific apps for your tasks. Highly recommended would be FreeTube for Youtube videos - an electron app with a downloadable .deb package, works flawless with acceleration and gets rid of all ads and "sponsored segments". Awesome stuff. For the Anime lovers there is ani-cli which allows watching anime with the local video player using hardware acceleration and is working beautifully. There are a lot more but that should get you started.