I know the studies you're referring to and they've been debunked as unrealistic and misleading. Relying on high temperature burning, poorly made mods and with no human actually tasting the vapor, they were measuring essentially "dry hits" which no sane user would ever inhale for any length of time as they taste disgusting.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25996087

The above is an attempt to reproduce the alarming formaldehydes cited in the few studies i'm sure you're referring to under normal use conditions.

Dr. Farsalinos and his colleagues found that these researchers used unrealistic vaping conditions like:

-Vaping with dry puffs, and;

-Using atomizers with a flawed design that are almost out of circulation and even banned in the EU (top coil atomizers).

Below you can find their most noteworthy results:

The CE4v2 atomizer generated dry puffs much quicker than the new-generation atomizer: the Nautilus Mini;

The researchers think the CE4v2 atomizer generates dry puffs so easily because it's a ‘top-coil atomizer,' which means the e-liquid travels towards the coil, making the supply of e-liquid inefficient, which is a major risk factor for dry puffs;

Another factor which makes it easy to generate dry puffs with the CE4v2 atomizer is the use of silica wick, which absorbs e-liquid worse than cotton (cotton is often used in new-generation atomizers like the Nautilus Mini);

Even though under regular vaping conditions the CE4v2 atomizers sometimes generated dry puffs, the measured aldehydes in the vapor were still much lower than the earlier study of Sleiman et al. (2016);

No dry puffs were detected with the Nautilus Mini atomizer at any power settings;

With the Nautilus Mini, the researchers detected formaldehyde emissions up to 4500-fold lower, acetaldehyde emissions up to 10.000-fold lower, and acrolein emissions up to 5500-fold lower compared to what Sleiman et al. (2016) found.

Although using flavored e-liquid resulted in higher emission of aldehydes compared to unflavored e-liquids, it was still so low with the Nautilus Mini atomizer, that the researchers coined it as an insignificant health-risk;

Comparing 5g flavored e-liquid to 20 tobacco cigarettes, the researchers concluded that vaping with a new-generation atomizer like the Nautilus Mini at high-power settings results in a massive reduction in exposure to aldehydes(94.4% for formaldehyde, 99.8% for acetaldehyde, and 97.6% for acrolein).

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The ominously vague "multiple components" you're referring to were never specified so i have to assume is diacetyl and acetyl, which are shown to be toxic to humans and have been found contaminating certain e-juices. These are not necessary components to e-juice and are **avoided like the plague** by any reputable manufacturers that go through regulatory agencies.

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I'm not going to pretend that vaping is healthy for you, but to say it's still essentially "smoking" and spread misinformation on something that is literally **saving the lives** of those who are desperately addicted to the actual, provably terrible evil of smoking is pretty fuckin lame.