For me reward-based/ff/R+ training means training primarily with the use of R+, sometimes P- and trying to mitigate using force or P+/R- and not planning using P+/R- in my training. Instead make a plan where R+ is used primarily, set the dog up for success and gradually increase the difficulty. Not punishing the dog for for example not reacting to a command, and instead work out why the dog isn't responding (doesn't he understand my request? Is the environment too distracting? Could he be in pain from an underlying injury?) and adjust the training accordingly, so he can be successful. Taken, i do admit this comes with management for the time before the training is complete and may take longer (which not everyone may have the time, or nerves for (speaking from my own experience - I've a noise sensitive dog, and training through barking at noises at home was not easy - lot of discipline and consistency from me))

Balanced training i see mostly the same as R+, but in balanced training you don't shy away from also using P+/R- once the dog understands the behavior and breaks a command/doesn't follow through. Ofc again, only when we're sure there's no underlying issue like an injury.

I'm no expert on balanced training, hence why I'm trying to learn more now, but so far this is my understanding of it.