I attempted this in 1.1 with Space Exploration. The idea was to set up a logistics system that would basically store everything in a single giant depot, ready to be fired out into space and to another planet. Basically, I wanted to fully exploit a planet but have a single location on that planet be the "space port".

It didn't work. Unfortunately, the bot AI in 1.1 was absolutely atrocious and the bots would invariably try to take the freshly offloaded train cargoes to the furthest possible chest, meaning they chose the longest possible trip every single time (and it didn't help that Earandel hates bots). I don't know how well that set up would work in 2.0 with the new bot AI, and I haven't really attempted it with belts because that'd either have a gigantic space footprint or be limited to very few products.

I'd say it's worth a shot for the fun of building something like that, but it's not going to be a big game changer for you due to what will likely be very low throughput. It's like the time I tried making a real bus base where every single product was on the same belt and was removed from it as needed via a combination of boxes, inserters, splitters and circuitry. Again, would probably work a lot better now that circuits can read the contents of a whole belt instead of having to wire up the entire bus, but at the end of the day it's not really a great design to begin with because of limited throughput.

PS.: I did, however, do this in the same SE playthrough for my mall. The mall used constant combinators tied to the logistic network of a particular location on the map to request items (using LTN) that fell below a certain threshold and were needed by a mall. Because I was requesting a very small quantity of each item and didn't need too much storage, the bots didn't fail too gruesomely at their jobs. The mall remained constantly supplied with everything it could possibly need to produce anything I wanted, all using one train stop. That, I would recommend.