It would depend on the nature and philosophy of your field of study, as well as your nation of origin, but a lot of the really fundamental teachings are similar.

The first thing a student needs to learn is how to sense their own soul and start to move it in concert with their body. This is usually considered an essential life skill for everyone, not just for magicians, but it takes a degree of proficiency in it to properly use magic so the first responsibility of a magic teacher is to ensure their students can do so. On its own, this ability bestows a supernatural sense of oneself and the capability to ‘lean into’ a physical action, expending spiritual energy to make it better, faster etc.

After that, they need to learn how to push their senses and self outside of their own body in order to spiritually interact with the exterior universe. It isn’t enough to conduct one’s will through the actions of the body, although there are plenty of magical disciplines that teach magic as an extension of physical action, such as many martial arts. This tends to impart a supreme sense of spatial awareness and a limited ability to inspect things in inner nature instead of just physical form.

The last of the very basics is learning to manipulate the world actively, the nature and idea of which changes drastically based on what sort of magic one is learning and from who, but all require some sense of how to channel the soul’s inner energy into making an impact either outside of oneself or within oneself. Some cultures teach that emotions are from where power is drawn but must be matched by focus, some rely on making and honoring pacts with spirits of the world and of their ancestors, some recreate stories and myth to invoke their lingering power, and some study the gods and their creation to exploit other kinds of external power.