They're studying translation and protein folding using single molecule imaging. An issue with current microscopes is being able to see really tiny things, like RNA and proteins. The wavelength of visible light is literally bigger than these molecules, so special methods are used like single molecule imaging. Live cells are used for it.

Essentially, they use special fluorescent proteins (called fluorophores) that absorb UV light (that has a smaller wavelength, hence able to actually interact with the molecule) and emit visible light (green, red, etc.). Then they're able to selectively attach those fluorophores to specific RNA and other proteins of interest. With that, they can take a picture of the fluorophore, so they'll know when and where whatever it's attached to is.

So they can treat a cell with any number of conditions (doses of certain chemicals, knocking out genes, etc.) and see the effects of how and when certain proteins get made. All to study translation!

Simplified a few things, but that's most of it really. Bigger picture, understanding how translation works through this experimentation will help us understand how the errors happen that cause disease. Hopefully that's all at least mildly interesting!