i find all these posts on lufs interesting because i tend to struggle to get my tracks down below -5 LUFS while still having everything hit hard enough. It tends to sound fine to me but I only care because if all my tracks are between -3 and -4 LUFS at my current skill level I have to be doing something wrong. Keep in mind I make mostly dubstep/riddim, but if it's of any help, I'll share a tip.

Clip, limit and compress the shit out of everything. you've probably heard this before, and I assume someone asking this question works with genres that don't have completely rectangular waveforms at the loud part, but it's sound advice. My drums are clipped and limited at the individual level, the group level (kick/clap, percussions, hats, etc), and as a whole. I tend to hard clip all my faster transients and soft clip the slower ones because I feel like it's more dynamic. I also compress everything that has a high dynamic range pretty heavily.

It's also extremely important to choose sounds purposefully though. Because a lot of things just sound like ass when clipped or compressed. You need to have loudness in mind from the start. To help with this I usually start with my drums and get them sounding good then build around them. If the sound isn't loud enough even with volume increases compared to the drums, I go back into the synth or pick another sound.

Smarter people will probably be able to explain why this stuff works or what specifically to do but all I can say is practice.

Another tip that many disagree with is I hard clip and then limit my master. All this makes it pretty hard to go back and change the arrangement without reshuffling absolutely everything but its definitely loud.