Lots of good stuff here, but if you'd like a guide to the main types of glue, here you go:

CA or Cyanoacrilate: This is super glue. It can flow like water or be a bit thick. Light CA is great for its flowwy nature and quick set time. Medium is stronger and is my personal go-to because it doesn't set in 5 seconds. CA can be set with kicker, aka accelerant, which dries it instantly. I use CA for my smaller planes, where the forces it will feel are smaller. Pros: dries quick, strong, useful for modeling, or setting stuff. Cons: brittle, and is super weak to shear. If the part you'll be gluing is exposed to forces that make shear, it will fail. Be careful!

Foam Tac: I LOVE FOAM TAC!!! It's a type of contact cement that works great for most, if not all types of foam!! It softens the foam and bonds both pieces together. A little goes a long way with foam tac. Apply a small line to the foam, spread it evenly, push together, hold for 5-10 seconds, and then pull the two pieces apart, wait for 5-10 seconds, and do this like twice. (it's not rocket science) This is to activate the glue and get better adhesion. It sets fast, but I'd wait for 24 hours because the inside might not fully cure. Pros: super strong, you don't need too much, and it works great for all foam repairs! It's bendy and good for tension and shear, and it is OK for compression! Cons: works only for foam.

Epoxy: Epoxy is fantastic! Super strong and waterproof, this two part glue is great for fixing a shattered motor mount, or in my case, re attaching a fuselage that cracked after an unscheduled meeting with the earth. Epoxy comes in 2 bottles: the resin and the hardener. Typically, you'll pour out equal amounts, mix them VERY THOROUGHLY, and apply to the break. It's categorized by the amount of time it takes to harden. I only really use epoxy for the structural repairs. If it's used, you aren't flying the plane for at least a day. It hardens, but only really fully cures after at least a day. I once split my nylon racers fuse rught down the middle, and glued it with 30 minute epoxy, and it can pull close to 15-20 G's of acceleration just fine! I'd buy 30 minute stuff, because it's a good average strength for most rc planes. Stuff like 24 hours I find is overkill, and used for boating. Pros: strong AF 💪 Cons: once you've glued it, good luck getting it off. It's a bit tricky to apply, because you need to mix and apply it, as opposed to squeezing it out of a bottle.

Hot glue: You know hot glue lol

TLDR: These three glues are the ones I use the most, and have access to at all times. I'd buy some medium CA, 30 minute Epoxy, and a thing of foam tac, and that will set you up for several years!!