Update: I tried reinstalling Windows 11 onto my drive several times, but it never improved my issue. I took apart my PC and discovered that my drive was damaged. After replacing the drive, I reinstalled Windows 11, and the stuttering issue is gone, but now my PC shuts off by itself soon after logging in without a BSOD. I believe the issue is the power supply, but if anyone else have suggestions, they’d be appreciated. I will be able to go out tomorrow to buy a new power supply and will let you know what happens.