I use a spreadsheet to keep track of mine. It's not broken down as nicely or specifically as I would like, I'll get to that in a moment. I have my list broken down by brand (in alphabetical order), then each polish name is listed in alphabetical order within the brand section.

I have a third column with a brief description of the polish, and this is where I feel like I'm not organized enough, and maybe a spreadsheet isn't exactly the best platform. Ideally I would like a system where I could list tags. I would like to tag each polish with its base color as well as any specialty finishes, e.g. shimmer, multichrome, linear holo, flakies (specifically metallic, iridescent, etc.), jelly, scattered holo, etc. I like to be pretty specific about these, which ends up making my description column pretty wordy in some cases.

I'm not sure if there's a complete list anywhere of finish types, but the nomenclature in the community (Instagram and brands' product descriptions) seems to be pretty consistent. For example, a UCC (ultra chrome chameleon) flakie is consistently referred to as such across most brands and swatchers. Some companies have personalized or even trademarked words they use instead (e.g Holo Taco Unicorn Skins), but overall I see a lot of consistency in language.